The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay -- Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihood’s, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Thus, critical thinking involves: following evidence where it leads; considering all possibilities; relying on reason rather than emotion; being precise; considering a variety of possible viewpoints and explanations; weighing the effects of motives and biases; being concerned more with finding the truth than with being right; not rejecting unpopular views out of hand; being aware of one's own prejudices and biases, and not allowing them to sway one's judgment. The purpose of critical thinking is, therefore, to achieve understanding, evaluate viewpoints, and solve problems. Since all three areas involve the asking of questions, we can say that critical thinking is the questioning or inquiry we engage in when we seek to understand, evaluate, or resolve. Critical thinking includes the ability to respond to material by distinguishing between facts and opinions or personal feelings, judgments and inferences, inductive and deductive arguments, and the objective and subjective. It also includes the ability to generate questions, constru...

Does Parole Work?

Does parole work? That is an important question as it relates to criminal justice and more specifically community corrections. How do we measure if parole is working? One way is to look at the recidivism rate of parolees. This policy paper will take an in depth look at this question. Also, this paper will study the current parole policy, my policy recommendations, and finally my conclusion of this problem. Parole is a very important tool for criminal justice in the United States of America. But does this tool work in reducing reoffending by released prisoners.Statement of the ProblemDoes parole work? One way to measure this by looking at recidivism rates by paroled prisoners who are released after serving their time. The proper question should be, does parole work in reducing recidivism rates? In the U.S. Justice System, parole is a thoughtfully used community correction option (Walker, 2015, p.288). One way to look at this is politically. The two sides are the right or Republicans and the left or Democrats. The right said that high-risk predators are let go into society and the left stated that release outcomes were based on less than scientific standards (Walker, 2015, p.288). The left's position was formed before sentencing guidelines were established (Walker, 2015, p.288). According to Samuel Walker, parole provided valuable tools to both inmates trying to get out and prison officials trying to get compliance from inmates. Parole was also a way to combat the ever-rising population in correction institutions (Walker, 2015, p.288). According to an Urban Institute study (2009) it queried, does parole work on reducing recidivism rates of released inmates? The answer after studying the statistics is it has little to no effect on re-offending or parole violations committed by former inmates (Walker, 2015, p.289). The Urban Institute study (2009) did not say the practice of releasing prisoners early or the idea of parole was a bad idea. However, they found there is no system of community corrections that performs better than another system (Walker, 2015, p.289). According to Christopher Zoukis (author and contributor for the Huffington Post), examining statistics of greater than 25,400 ex-prisoners released home-free or on community corrections during 2005 revealed 49.3% had been rearrested within eight years of release. The study included arrests for new crimes and for violating their conditions of parole. The ex-inmates that were released in 2005 included 31.7% that were convicted and 24.7% who were incarcerated again (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-zoukis/report-documents-us-recid_b_9542312.html). The re-arrest rates for released ex-inmates (52.5%) was greater than those released on probation (35.1%). According to the study, most released or paroled individuals committed new offenses within two years of their release at an average of 21 months (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-zoukis/report-documents-us-recid_b_9542312.html). Parole was meant to reintegrate prisoners back into society as productive members of society not as an opportunity to reoffend. This creates new victims and cost tax payers millions in the mechanizations of the criminal justice system (Zoukis, 2017).Current PolicyHere is the current United States Parole policy as follows: Federal prisoners serving a sentence of less than thirty years prior to November 1987 can apply for an initial parole hearing within 120 days of being incarcerated. This can happen through an application process for eligible prisoners (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). According United States Department of Justice, D.C. Code offenders get a parole hearing sometime in the nine months before they become eligible for parole. The date is determined by the Bureau of Prisons. Inmates who get parole are given a date of release based on the parole release guidelines. These guidelines have been developed to make release decisions fair for all inmates giving credence to the system used (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). Federal prisoners are entitled to interim hearings every eighteen to twenty-four months. The Parole Commission holds these hearings that are dependent upon the length of the prison term. During these hearings the Parole Commission must decide if there are enough positive or negative factors to legitimize changing the original release date (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). D.C. A review is done before the release date of each inmate. This is done to assess the prisoner's record while incarcerated and they have met conditions of release (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). Inmates are given a decision of their parole hearings by a Notice of Action. Federal inmates can appeal any parole decision if they feel that they have been treated unfairly by the Parole Commission. This appeal will trigger a subsequent review by the National Appeals Board (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). According to the United States Department of Justice, prisoners of the federal system let out on parole or through mandatory release must report to their parole officer upon release. Paroled inmates must follow a set of rules set-up to aid in supervision and keep the public safe. D.C. offenders let go are supervised by the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). If the parolee commits a new offense and/or violates the terms of their release, then the Parole Commission is contacted. The Parole Commission then puts out a warrant for the parolee's arrest and the parolee is picked up. Finally, a hearing is called to rule on the allegations and if the parolee is found in violation of their terms of parole, they may be returned to prison to serve out the rest of their prison sentence (https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole-works). Why is the parole policy and procedures not alleviating the recidivism rates of offenders? The main problem is that parole makes certain assumptions or predictions when releasing offenders into community corrections. When it comes to parole, the United States Justice system has been trying to predict who will be successful on parole since the 1920's. Experts have tried out many formulas that attempt to predict what individuals will have success on parole. They hope these predicting formulas show who is ready to re-enter our society. These experts have had little success in predicting who is ready for release. The fact is that they are no closer today then they were in the 1920's (Walker, 2015, p.290). According to Samuel Walker, Martinson and McKenzie stated that only particular programs work for certain inmates. Matching these inmates to the program that works best for them is a shot in the dark. Even using risk prediction instruments, like in California, is no more efficient than other programs (Walker, 2015, p.290).Policy Recommendations/Action PlanMy policy recommendations are three-pronged. First, after the offender is released, the government should aid in employment. This would allow the offender to become a productive member of society and they would be able to earn a living. This would save the taxpayers millions by not having to pay for further incarceration. The next prong would be helping with housing for the first six months after release. Although this would cost the taxpayers, it would still be cheaper than housing them in prisons and the cost of all the procedures in the criminal justice system. Finally, therapy specific to an offender's needs would be beneficial for the offender and basically everyone in our society. This would help provide mental tools to aid in rehabilitation. The biggest hurdle to implementing my recommendations would be how do you pay for it? I believe this would also cause political problems. Providing funding for government programs usually does create political push back. I believe policy makers would be on board for employment and therapy. I do not believe they would support the housing.ConclusionDoes the United States parole policy work? When we release offenders on parole, is there a big difference in the recidivism rates versus that of offenders serving out their full term in prison? The answer is sadly no. The problem with all community corrections is that it creates a prediction problem. As we all know, predicting human behavior is at best fifty/fifty. I do believe the policy recommendations I made would help, but it is not one-hundred percent fool proof. It all comes down to free will and free choice.Works CitedUnited States Department of Justice. (2015). How Parole Works. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/uspc/how-parole- works.Walker, S. (2015). Sense and nonsense about crime, drugs and communities. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.Zoukis, C. (2017, December 6). Report Documents U.S. Recidivism Rates for Federal Prisoners. Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-zoukis/report-documents-us-recid_b_9542312.html.

The Reconstruction Era and Its Effects on Slavery with and...

The Reconstruction Era and its effects on Slavery with and after President Lincoln The Reconstruction Era which followed the Civil War was a period marked by a severe effort to re-establish a depleted and distraught society. The war, which was aimed at confronting the national dilemma of slavery, only led to subsequent problems over emancipation and an undefined condition of freedom. Some, who had naively assumed that ending slavery would resolve the problem of racial inequality, overlooked the prejudice and unpleasant feeling towards blacks. Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction was aimed at reuniting southern states with the union and to strengthen the Republican Party in the South; which were his main supporters. One of the main†¦show more content†¦In his 2nd Inaugural address, Lincoln advocated that the Civil War was God’s punishment of a nation having human beings kept in bondage (Abraham Lincoln â€Å"Second Inaugural Address: March 4, 1865†). Just for a slight moment was Lincoln’s goal realized before the acts of then President Johnson attempted to strip away Lincoln’s foundation for freedom. Before Lincoln was assassinated he managed to get the thirteenth amendment passed in House after it failed to do so in 1864. This was important for Lincoln with elections coming up and he knew that if this wasn’t passed his chances of reelection would be doubtful. The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude and was the first grant of civil rights given to African Americans (â€Å"Thirteenth Amendment: January 31, 1865†). The 14th Amendment was passed into law and protects the rights against state infringements, defines citizenship, prohibits states from interfering with privileges and immunities, requires due process and equal protection, punishes states for denying vote, and disqualifies Confederate officials and debts (â€Å"Fourteenth Amendment: June 16, 1866†). For the first time the word â€Å"equal† was established into the Constitution. As a result of the Civil Rights Bill and the Fourteenth Amendment, permitted African Americans the power to make their own labor contracts and commenceShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Reconstruction Era1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe reconstruction era was a time that then affected America in positive facets and negative aspects as well, and still affects America today. Thanks to the reconstruction era, there are several implementations that geared the world on the path in which it is today. Had it not been for some of the laws that were set in place African Americans may have not had many of the opportunities that were presented during the reconstruction period, therefore the years of oppression and cruelty might still beRead More Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of the Three Plans for Reconstruction The American Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, was the most severe military conflict the country had seen; it involved the United States of America (the Union), and eleven secessionist Southern states (the Confederate States of America). The war was the upshot of decades worth of political, social, and economic conflict between the agricultural South, which produced mainly cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, and the industrialRead More Reconstruction Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction took place after the end of the civil war. The reason for reconstruction was to put the union back together and free the slaves once and for all. Reconstruction took three eras to be completed. The first was Lincoln, the second Andrew Johnson, and the third was the Congressional â€Å"hard plan.† The Lincoln era lasted from 1863-1865. On December of 1863 the decree of â€Å"soft plan† was introduced. The â€Å"soft plan† included amnesty for the southerners that took the loyalty oath. It alsoRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era and The Jim Crow Era were both times of Rapid growth in the United States that were characterized by changes not only on the intrapersonal level, but also on the cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 to 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. Some of the common themes of these eras were race relations and tension between northern states and southern states. The firstRead MoreWar Was The Only Option1547 Words   |  7 Pagesbuildup allowed the Confederacy to mobilize as well. Failure to act swiftly by General Scott or McClellan allowed the south to build its defenses and prepare an Army led by some of the greatest military minds of their time. To the frustration of President Lincoln, he could not find a leader willing to risk casualties to crush the rebellion. Constant delay resulted in the war dragging on as casualties piled up. In his collection of essays titled, The War That Forged A Nation, James McPherson writes aboutRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Reconstruction1362 Words   |  6 Pages Following the Civil War, the Reconstruction Era began. During this time, the southern part of the United States attempted a transformation directed by Congress from 1863 to 1877. Known for its successes and failures, the Reconstruction was a time of great pain and an infinite amount of questions. As well as many long term, short term, positive, negative, social, and political effects. Before the war had even ended, Lincoln had begun this Reconstruction, with the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863Read MoreThe War Of The Civil War1162 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the North and South in The United States of America fought over state’s rights, slavery, and nullification. This war was fought mostly in the South, which caused tons and tons of damage emotionally physically and politically to the South. In the following paragraphs, what exactly reconstruction is, how it and the war affected The United States of America, and who was involved, will be disguised. Soon after the Civil War ended in 1865, Northerners started to debate over how the confederate statesRead MoreEffects of Slavery on America1594 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Slavery on American History Andrew Avila US History 1301 Dr. Raley April 18, 2013 The U.S. Constitution is primarily based on compromise between larger and smaller states, and more importantly, between northern and southern states. One major issue of the northern and southern states throughout American history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlawRead MoreThe United States Of America1490 Words   |  6 Pages During the 1800s, the United States of America underwent some drastic changes. President Jefferson introduced a simple idea of expansion with the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition; President Madison allowed the country to slip into the war of 1812 after complications with the impressment of American seaman by British navy in the Great War during Jefferson’s time. After the war, an â€Å"Era of Good Feelings† promoted national unity and Marshall’s supreme court decided many cases

Julius Caesar Essay Honor - 980 Words

Madeline Switzer M. Halfmann Honors English 9 6 October 2017 Honor In William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, many themes are developed. One character, Brutus, displays a significant theme that develops through the entire play. The theme that is supported most by this character is the idea that honor and respect are gained through performing works for the good of others instead of for personal gain. This theme is first seen when Brutus thinks about whether he should kill Caesar. He sits in his orchard and contemplates what his reason for killing Caesar is. As he thinks this over, he realizes that if he kills Caesar, it is not for his own gain, but for others. He expresses this when he says, â€Å"It must be by his death, and, for my part,†¦show more content†¦The citizens of Rome begin to see Brutus’s way of thinking and they understand that he really did think of the good of the people while making his decision. They also understand that Brutus was not thinking selfishly like they had assumed, but logically. This helps them to trust him more because he thought about the situation in an unbiased way. The plebeians respond to Brutus’s explanation by saying, â€Å"Live, Brutus, live, live! / Bring him with triumph home unto his house†¦ This Caesar was tyrant. / Nay, that’s certain. / We are blessed that Rome is rid of him† (III.ii.49 -50 and 75-77). The Plebeians learn that Brutus had honest intentions and they respect and praise him for it. The knowledge that Brutus was selfless enough to kill his friend in order to save them from tyranny, earns their respect. A final situation where this theme is developed is during the events surrounding the death of Brutus. The honor that Brutus gains through performing deeds without thinking of his own gain is solidified at the end of the play around the event of Brutus’s death. At the beginning of act five, scene five, Brutus tells his servants that he believes his time living has come to an end, and he needs their help to kill him. One after another, Brutus’s servants tell him no. They respond to his request saying, â€Å"I’d rather kill myself†¦ That’s not an office for a friend, my lord†Show MoreRelatedJulius Caesar- Honor of Brutus Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesThe Honor of an Important Roman Man In Roman history, some elite men held certain values that they felt strong enough to take their life in order to defend it. In William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, there are certain characters portrayed to show how a person’s values or ideas can change their behavior and influence some significant decisions. The protagonist of the play, Marcus Brutus, supports this thought by having an idealistic view on the world and by showing his patriotism toward Rome. InRead MoreWas Brutus A Tragic Hero772 Words   |  4 PagesDo you believe that brutus was just a backstabbing friend, or really a tragic hero? Marcus Brutus from William Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar, was a tragic hero in my opinion. I am going to try and convince you that he was and why he was a tragic hero in this essay. Brutus meets all of the criteria of a tragic hero. He is arguably the protagonist of the play; he has a fatal flaw that leads to his downfall, which he cannot recover from. He had good qua lities like patriotism, and he was honorable. HisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare1241 Words   |  5 PagesTragic Hero Essay A tragic hero is a main character that is usually of noble birth, suffers a catastrophe, and has a tragic flaw during his or her role in a novel or play. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. When making a tragic hero, Shakespeare has his character go through hesitation and doubt before making a decision, presents the character with inner turmoil through soliloquy, and focuses on the choices the character makes instead of theirRead MoreWhy Did The Conspirators Justify The Murder Of Julius Caesar?1297 Words   |  6 Pagesjustify the murder of Julius Caesar? Were they right? Conspirators justify the murder of Julius Caesar by giving the following reasons: a) he wanted to be a king, b) he broke and manipulated the law, c) he went against their own people. Although they gave these reasons, the conspirators were wrong taking into their hands the life of such as a good leader as Julius Caesar was. This essay will first, establish and explain the reasons that conspirators had to kill Julius Caesar and second, it willRead MoreIs Brutus A Hero Or Villain746 Words   |  3 Pages Is Brutus a hero or a villain in the play of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare? in my eyes, Brutus is not a villain in this play, but in the eyes of a civilian he could be considered as a villain. Also i think that Brutus is an honorable man because even though he killed his best friend he did it for the good of Rome and because he’d rather let one person get killed than the country he loves and is devoted to get destroyed. Brutus was certainly not a villain. He had a splendid reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Antigone And Julius Caesar 1297 Words   |  6 PagesPiper Jacobs 12/23/2014 Literature Survey II - Honors Essay: Antigone and Julius Caesar Option 3 The involvement of women is very important in the two stories, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and Antigone by Sophocles. Throughout each story it becomes clear that the ideas and biases surrounding women play an important part in how society views women, and how women see themselves. Readers also see these ideas spread into the minds of women affecting what they do in their life, and how they actRead MoreJulius Caesar Cause and Effect Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesKaya Lawrance Mrs. Ham Honors English 2 March 7th, 2012 Julius Caesar Cause and Effect Essay: A Leaders Fateful Decision: Decisions. Decisions are what make the world go round. Without them, time would be frozen, never moving forward. They are the choices people make that determine our future. Some decisions are hard, some are easy. But, no matter what decisions are made, they will always end with the same result: an effect. So, its important that people go through theRead MoreEssay on Antony and Cleopatra1655 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarchs court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeares emphasis on Romes martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeths reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from Of the True Greatness of KingdomsRead MoreIs The Monarchist Approach On Government The Right Way?1103 Words   |  5 Pages Sally Lutchman CLDV 210 Essay III Is the Monarchist Approach to Government the Right Way? Julius Caesar violated the laws of nature in a number of ways, the amount of awards and honors that he accepted against the Senate. The autocratic position of the â€Å"perpetual dictator† he took. His overconfidence position leading to complacency. Defiance of Roman laws by the dissolution of powers of the Senate. Dictatorship used only during exceptional timesRead MoreThe Battle Of Alesia On The Roman Republic1181 Words   |  5 PagesMy essay is about the Battle of Alesia that took place in 52 BC, by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Rome went to war with the Gallic tribes from 58 BC to 50 BC, these wars ended with the win in Alesia in 52 BC. The Romans had a lot of victories and that made the Roman Republic expand over all of Gaul. This battle win in Alesia made Julius Caesar head ruler of the Roman Republic. The background of the battle started in 54-53 BC when the Carnutes killed the pro-Roman ruler Tasgetius. After that incident

“Social Classes Role in Bringing About Change During the...

The industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed. The Industrial Revolution brought about the birth of two classes: The middle class and the working class. In the article â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† (1848) by Karl Marx, it states that â€Å"Marx saw the oppression of the worker by those who owned means of production.†(1) Did the Industrial Revolution benefit both, or yet cause grievance in one and be beneficial to the other. Where everyone truly aided by the great rise in standard of living? Those are the questions to be asked when contemplating if workers from all classes successfully united to bring about radical change. In my opinion the change that†¦show more content†¦Again, not working together but instead still was benefitting the middle class. Bourgeoisie is a class where the people own means of production in a capitalist society. Proletariat is the class in which there were wage workers, no wealth except for children. These were also known as the â€Å"working class†. â€Å"The bourgeoisie society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, and new forms of struggle in a place of the old ones.†(1) Meaning that, the Industrial Revolution only made things worse for those without money, the working class was less beneficial than the middle class who were wealthier than them. â€Å"With industrialization the middle class rose in status and wealth. Increasingly money became a common denominator in society, and the middle class was in position toShow MoreRelatedAmerican and French Revolution - Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions declared that their goal was to create a new political system based on the principles of liberty and equality. However, the interpretation of those ideas by the American Founding Fathers turned out to be distinctly different from that of the French revolutionaries. How did those different interpretations of the concepts of liberty and equality affect the outcomes and the legacies of both revolutions? Analyze, compare, and contrast. The American Revolution officially beganRead MoreThe Middle Class Life During the Industrial Revolution Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Class Life during The Industrial Revolution began in England around the 1780’s. It was mainly based on the cotton industry and subsequently many of the inventions that came out of this period were mainly for producing and manufacturing cotton. Another stage of the Industrial Revolution was based on inventions. This is when most of the luxury goods were produced for the public. The Industrial Revolution is seen by scholars, as noted in A History of Western Society, as basicallyRead More Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagessociety there is a revolution. He predicts that a revolution is coming between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and calls its coming inevitable. Marx argues that the bourgeoisies are no longer fit to rule, nor is their rule sustainable, as such the proletariat will overthrow them and end all class antagonisms with the creation of a classless society. However, Marx does not give enough credit to nationalism, nor does he ascribe to the po ssibility of compromise between the classes. Due to this heRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century1562 Words   |  7 Pagesboth in Europe and America during the nineteenth century were living in a society that was characterised by gender inequality (Wwnorton.com, 2015). In the early periods of the century, women were expected to remain passive and subservient to the male counterparts. They were denied many of the legal, social, or even political rights, which in the modern world we consider as a right (Wwnorton.com, 2015). Thus, generally speaking women who belonged to the middle and upper classes remained home; they wereRead MoreWomen in the Enlightenment Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more and the advances in scientific and educated thinki ng, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to furtherRead More Marx’s Communist Manifesto and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesMarx’s Communist Manifesto and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚   From social relationships to political power structures, all aspects of society were changed by the technology innovations of the industrial revolution. Manufacturing goods on a mass scale led to the development of an entirely new worker who’s success now depended on his ability to operate machines rather than his talent as a craftsman. The steam engine revolutionized modes of transportation: trains and railroads were implementedRead MoreThe Bolshevik Invention Of Class1424 Words   |  6 Pagesimagined class community yet inheriting a shattered and fragmented class structure in Russia after the revolution, found themselves obliged to invent classes on the basis of Marxist theory... in that most obvious and yet least expected place, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.† (Suny 172) The first section of Fitzpatrick’s essay discusses how Marxism was such an important part to creating classes during the Bolsheviks rule in the beginning of the 20th Century. She notes that this western belief systemRead More1 How did pollution affect London between 1700 and 1900? The development of locomotives, and1600 Words   |  7 Pagesbe sold around the globe. Families moved from the villages of their ancestors to new industrial towns and a new class of people emerged, workers who produced goods. The industrialist, the people who owned the factories, employed hundreds even thousands of people, and made enormous profits. A major concern was the growing numbers, the masses of the urban poor that arrived and settled in the city. While the industrial innovations brought wealth to some and jobs for others, it all came with a cost: pollutionRead MoreThe Origins Of The English Language1318 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. A. The English Language begins as Old English, which was spoken from the fifth century A.D. until the eleventh century. 1. Old English is also known as Anglo- Saxon. It is named after the Germanic tribes that migrated to the British Isles during the fifth and sixth centuries. a. These Germanic tribes were known as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes who originated from parts of present-day Denmark and Germany. b. According to oxforddictionaries.com, Old English is considered a Germanic languageRead MoreComparing Different Media: Matrix, TS Eliots A Journey of the Magi and Ralph Emersons Self Reliance1058 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how all three works are discussing the larger social meaning requires comparing them with each other. Together, these different elements will highlight the way they are criticizing society and technological innovations that are occurring. The Matrix, Self Reliance and the Journey of the Magi In all three works, there is a focus on showing how technological advancements are making society worse off. This is because these kinds of changes are designed to take away any kind of individual creativity

E Communication Strategies of Starbucks †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the E Communication Strategies of Starbucks? Answer: Introduction Starbucks Coffee Corporation is an American based company that is specialized for coffeehouse chain. The organization was founded in Seattle, America. The aim of the company is to offer distinguished coffee to the valuable customers. Initially the development of the idea was constrained within America. However, with the international marketing strategy the company has been efficient in entering global markets with exquisite range of coffee products (Colleoni 2013). The range of coffee includes cold coffee, microground insta coffee, whole bean coffee long with latte, espresso and variation in teas. In the latest era, it has been found that the company has excelled in the communication strategy. Nevertheless, the electronic communication has weakened over the years due to technological improvement. However, the improvement in the electronic communication has helped the company to attain the short term and long-term objective (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Background of the study Starbucks Coffee Corporationis one of the most esteemed coffee companies in the world. The most important aspect of the global presence is not only the quality of products but also the communication strategies that are used by the company. It has been found in the survey of UK based fame count, that Starbucks is the first organization that has been successful in reaching 10 million customers through social media like Facebook. The marketing communication of the company has been effective with the help of six strategies that have been created over the years (Saebi and Foss 2015). In most of the cases, it is found that Starbucks has an integrated marketing mi that creates integrated communication strategies for the company. Key non-electronic communication methods and practices The most important aspect that has been started by the company in case of non-electronic communication is the word of mouth advertising strategy. Throughout the advent of the company the growing of the revenue generation is largely dependent on the concept of word of mouth. Most of the customers who have been part of the company have given their positive feedback in various face-to-face interactions. This has been crucial in the success of the company. Apart from this, word of mouth in face- to-face interaction has also helped in presenting the unique ambience of Starbucks. The comfort of the customers and the range of products have been fruitfully reached people round the globe (Beach 2014). Apart from this, the interaction of the company is strengthened with the bill or the invoice. The bill of the company has the necessary information with the contact details in case of any issue. This makes customers feel that they can reach the store in case of any issue. Key electronic communication methods and practices In case of the electronic medium, there are different platforms that the company has in order to stay connected to its fans and customers. Starbucks Community- The community of the company is created on different social media platforms. However, the company website and the blogs are the ones where people around the world can express their ideas. This also includes any of the issues that they have faced with the company. There are different kinds of discussions that are presented on these pages. This drives the interest of people along with their interest in being part of the company (Thorson and Moore 2013). These interactions are engrossing for customers. Twitter- This is one of the best social media interaction that is created by the company to communicate with people across the world efficiently. There are tweets and re-tweets that are important to keep customers integrated. Facebook The page on Facebook is one of the medium through which the blogs, videos are shared with the people. These could be prospective customers or people. However, the interaction is in the comment section, which is open for different types of discussions (Etter 2014). YouTube- The channel of the company on this site is having more than 4800 subscribers. There are different advertisements that are posted from time to time. The videos of the different charity works that is done by the company is also presented on the channel. Along with this various knowledgeable collection of videos is uploaded. This primarily includes different type of coffees that is produced are manufactured by the companies (Cornelissen 2014). Another pivotal step that is taking by Starbucks is to allow people to embed its videos on any site. This is unlikely for a global organization as this may lead to different controversies. In addition, the supreme experience of the company is projected through the embedding process. Mobile/ Cell phones connectivity- The app of the company is one of the most prominent marketing strategies that have been taken by the company. Moreover, the app is an easy way to stay connected with customers. The one click options that is offered by the company is to make the experience of the customers smooth for any age. SWOT Analysis on the companys overall communication The major competitor of Starbucks is Costa coffee. The communication SWOT analysis includes the following: Strengths- the strength of the company Costa coffee includes their presence in the digital marketing sector. The answers to the question of the customers are fast and quick. Along with this other than social media networking sites like Facebook, Twitter they are also available on Tumblr. The application of the company on the smart-phones is ideal for any person to get easy access of the necessary information (Swani, Brown and Milne 2014). Weakness - The weakness in the communication is when customers are not comfortable in speaking or understanding English. Apart from this, it is mostly noticed that the issue of communication strategy absence of promotional videos. In most of the websites, the presence of links or commercial videos of the organization are absent. Opportunity- The best opportunity that the company can derive from the communication includes making new entering strategy (Bey, Hauschild and McAloone 2013). The company has the idea of interacting with the franchise through different digital forums. This would enhance the chance of entering international market. Threat The thereat of the communication is the lack of integration that might be faced. In any organisation, the interaction with the customers has to engrossing. It should be such that customers or people get the answers that they seek on the social networking site. However, there have been instances where large-scale companies have failed to understand the importance of effective interaction. The other competitor of Starbucks is MacDonald. The international communication of the company is often claimed to be strong and efficient. The SWOT analysis of the same is as follow: Strength- In case of MacDonalds it is found that the communication strategies of the company are very strong. Apart from the usual social media presence, it is observed that the communication strategy of the staffs in the stores is strong of the company. In most of the cases in case of any confusion and suggestion, the employees of the company are prompt in interacting with the customers. This is one the USP of the brand that is found globally (Goetsch and Davis 2014). This is one of the unique communication marketing strategies of MacDonalds that is favoured by customers. In the social media sites there has been issue projected regarding quality issues of the company. However, the organisation has been tactful in resolving the issues so that customers are not offended of the replies. Weakness- The weakness of the company is the false interaction that is at times provided to the customers. There have been instances when false information has been communicated to the customers. Apart from this, the quality information that is shared on the social media site is at times wrong. The issue must be resolved by the organisation and proper quality products should be offered. However, on social media sites customers have been harassed claiming that the quality issue information has been wrong (Smith 2013). Opportunity The opportunity of the organisation lies in the global network that is created. The marketing strategy of the organisation should include more interaction with the suppliers, customers and the franchise. This would help in profit generation and the success of the company. MacDonald must also try to create innovative process of communication like live presence on Facebook. There could be live chat as well that would create the presence of the organisation more strong. Threat - The major threat of the organisation concerning communication is the absence of proper answer from senior management in case of any issue. It is mostly found that in case of issue relating to quality of products it is important to create a communication with the management. This makes the problem of the customer or client reachable internationally. Merely giving an answer on any of the social media site may not serve the purpose of integrity (Kesavan, Bernacchi and Mascarenhas 2013). Visitors might feel that their issues are unheard or might not carry the essence that is crucial. Communication practices of Costa Coffee and MacDonalds MacDonald In modern business times, electronic business communications plays a key role in determining the success of the organizations. The organization Macdonald implements different means of electronic business communication in order to communicate with all its respective stakeholders. The organization effectively uses the tool of social media, email, video conferencing and mobile devices to communicate with all their respective internal and external stakeholders. The success of the business depends on meeting the requirements of all their respective internal and external stakeholders. Due to this reason, it is of crucial importance for the modern business organizations to provide all the necessary information to all their internal and external stakeholders in an effective manner (Allen 2015). The external stakeholders are mainly communicated with the help of social media, email, etc. On the other hand, the internal stakeholders are communicated with the help of mobile phone, email, video c onferencing, etc. Non-electronic means of communication includes letters, invoices, flow charts and verbal means of communication. Due to popularity of electronic means of communication, the non-electronic mode has lost its charm largely. However, the organization communicates with the help of invoices with its suppliers and employees with the help of verbal means of communication (Strauss 2016). Costa Coffee The usual form of communication of the company is through websites. However, the communication of the company with the customers is not prominent. They outlay of the website is not vibrant or attractive. The interlinking of the videos with the social media is not fruitful there have been times when the company has missed it. Moreover, it is found that the company does not include live chats or videos that fail to create the importance of interaction (Schivinski and Dabrowski 2015). Finally, it might be said that the company provides bills in non-electronic communication. However, they do not provide invoice that is given by companies like MacDonald. Suggestions and recommendations One of the most important factors that have been understood by the CEO of Starbucks Howard Schultz is the fact that being an quintessential experience the company is always inclined towards maintaining a healthy relationship with the customers. This is ensured with the help of communication strategy. Along with the social media presence and blogs, the company should try to take few other steps that would assure the fit communication strategy of the company. The first recommendation should be the fact of sharing authentic information with the people. In case of videos that is shared on YouTube or any blogs the promises must not be superficial. This would assure the customers quality management of the brand. Customers around the world must be satisfied for being associated with the company. The second recommendation to the company would to manage in playful conversation with people globally. This is one of the recent strategies that are taken up by many internal brands. People think they are important as company takes the initiative to speak on one-on-one sessions. Brand loyalty is enhanced with this step. The third recommendation may be building a mascot or a figure that might be associated with the brand. The communication of the people might be strengthened with the identification of the character. The mascot may be presented in the stores and they take communicate with the visitors through non-verbal communication. This would help in creating a brand value. The advertisements or the commercials of Starbucks may be more effective. They could carry a social message of the charity that they can do with some amount of every coffee that consumers buy. This would help the customers to interact with the company and they will feel that they are helping the society at large. The communication is fostered through this process. Conclusion It may be said that communication strategies of Starbucks has been fostered over the years. The presence and the efficiency have been positive. It has been noticed that the presence of Starbucks on social media sites like Twitter and Facebook has been pivotal. Apart from this the videos of different ways of coffee and tea production has been informative for the customers. In case of the non-electronic communication, the crucial aspect is the contact details, which could be reached by the customers. However, the company should ensure some necessary steps. The recommendation is to make more powerful commercials that are relatable to the customers. The message through the commercials would act as the perfect interaction with the customers. Apart from this, the company must entertain the grievance and the issues relating to service and quality. This is to assure the brand loyalty and value in front of the prospective customers. Reference list Allen, M., 2015.Strategic communication for sustainable organizations: Theory and practice. Springer. Beach, L.R., 2014.Decision making in the workplace: A unified perspective. Psychology Press. Bey, N., Hauschild, M.Z. and McAloone, T.C., 2013. Drivers and barriers for implementation of environmental strategies in manufacturing companies.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,62(1), pp.43-46. Colleoni, E., 2013. CSR communication strategies for organizational legitimacy in social media.Corporate Communications: an international journal,18(2), pp.228-248. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Etter, M., 2014. Broadcasting, reacting, engagingthree strategies for CSR communication in Twitter.Journal of Communication Management,18(4), pp.322-342. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M.D. and Mascarenhas, O.A., 2013. Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media.International Management Review,9(1), p.58. Saebi, T. and Foss, N.J., 2015. Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), pp.201-213. Schivinski, B. and Dabrowski, D., 2015. The impact of brand communication on brand equity through Facebook.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,9(1), pp.31-53. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Swani, K., Brown, B.P. and Milne, G.R., 2014. Should tweets differ for B2B and B2C? An analysis of Fortune 500 companies' Twitter communications.Industrial marketing management,43(5), pp.873-881. Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press.

Por vs. Para in Spanish

'Por' vs. 'Para' in Spanish Two Spanish prepositions, por and para, are usually used for the English word for. The differences between them sometimes are subtle, and thus por and para are a constant source of confusion for Spanish students. Key Takeaways: Por and Para Although both Spanish prepositions por and para can often be translated as for, they have separate meanings and can seldom be used as synonyms.Por is often used to indicate who performs an action or the reason for it being performed.Para is often used to indicate the result of an action being performed. Think of Meaning Rather than Translation If its any consolation, prepositions can be as difficult for people learning English. Why do we sometimes say something is under control, and sometimes say something is in control? Why are we in the house but at home? The rules sometimes escape logic. The key to understanding which preposition to use is to think of the meaning you want to convey. If I use a phrase such as three for a dollar in English, the for has a different meaning than it does in this book is for you. In the first case, for indicates an exchange or a rate, while in the second case it indicates an intention or direction. Thus the Spanish translation of the two phrases are different, tres por un dà ³lar and este libro es para ti. The following chart shows some of the major uses of these two prepositions, including ones not translated by for. Uses for Por Por is often used to indicate how something is done or ihe cause of an action. Although the distinction between cause and outcome isnt always clear, por generally isnt used to indicate the result of an action. Expressing movement along, through, around, by, or about: Anduve por las calles de Gijà ³n. (I walked through the streets of Gijà ³n.) Viajamos por Australia con un Land Rover. (We traveled around Australia with a Land Rover.)Denoting a time or duration when something occurs. Viajamos por tres semanas. (Were traveling for three weeks.) Debes pensar en otras personas por sà ³lo un momento. (You ought to think about other people for just a moment.)Expressing the cause (not the purpose) of an action: Me caà ­ por la nieve. (I fell down because of the snow.) Los conflictos originaron por las diferencias culturales e ideolà ³gicas. (The conflicts began because of the cultural and ideological differences.)  Hay diferencia entre comer por hambre y comer por placer. (There is a difference between eating out of hunger and eating for pleasure.)Meaning per: Dos por ciento. (Two percent.) Prefiero comer cuatro comidas por dà ­a. (I prefer eating four meals per day.) Por can also be trans lated as a when a is a preposition: Leo un libro por semana. (I read one book a week.) Meaning supporting or in favor of: Trabajamos por derechos humanos. (We work for human rights.) No puedo votar por el presidente. (I cant vote for the president.)Introducing the agent of an action after a passive verb:. For this reason, por is often used in stating the author of a book or other composition:  Fue escrito por Bob Woodward. (It was written by Bob Woodward.) Ser comido por las aves. (It will be eaten by the birds.)Indicating means of transportation: Viajarà © por avià ³n. (I will travel by plane.)  Quiero llegar a Venezuela por barco. (I want to arrive at Venezuela by ship.)Used in numerous expressions: Por ejemplo. (For example.) Por favor. (Please, literally as a favor.) Uses for Para Para is often used to indicate the outcome of an action or to indicate who or what is affected by an action. Meaning for the purpose of or in order to: Para bailar la bamba, necesita una poca de gracia. (In order to dance the bamba you need a little grace.) Los buses se usan para ir a la frontera. (The buses are used for going to the border.)With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the benefit of or directed to: Es para usted. Its for you. Necesitamos mucho dinero para el desarrollo del paà ­s. (We need a lot of money for the countrys development.)Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a place: Voy para Europa. (Im heading to Europe.) Salimos para el almuerzo. (We are leaving for lunch.)Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time: Necesito el regalo para maà ±ana. (I need the gift for tomorrow.) Vamos a la casa de mi madre para el fin de semana. (Were going to my mothers for the weekend.)