Franklin Roosevelts Victory free essay sample

A conversation of Roosevelts achievements in the courts and legal executive that won him backing and triumph. This paper investigates Franklin D, Roosevelt and his administrative triumphs in 1936. The creator inspects Roosevelts legal upheaval during the time that denoted his means for triumph and backing. I may give you a terrible stun in around fourteen days, Franklin D. Roosevelt had trusted to a nearby counsel on January 15, 1936.The Supreme Court had progressively dismissed his New Deal changes intended to give monetary and social alleviation. Roosevelt settled that the answer for the downturn lay in the expansion of new, liberal judges who might support his projects. The following month, the president frightened the country with a proposition to revamp the legal executive. The profoundly dubious court pressing bill produced waves of dissent and discussion. While pundits blamed Roosevelt for plotting to grow his own capacity, many started to reconsider current conditions to figure out what was expected to conquer the halt of the recuperation from the Great Depression. We will compose a custom exposition test on Franklin Roosevelts Victory or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The breaking down monetary and social conditions and a progression of disliked Supreme Court choices opened ways to analysis and investigation of the nine judges, and after the court pressing bill, the weight from the president, Congress, and the general population arrived at its zenith. The proposition itself vanished absent a lot of accomplishment, yet its outcomes were groundbreaking. The danger of the bill, alongside Roosevelts marvelous triumph in 1936, drove the Supreme Court to relinquish its mechanical translation of the Constitution and make its fully aware of the 'plainest realities of our country.' The bill had a key impact in the legal upheaval process by obtaining the two swing votes that were the basic elements in the Courts choices. Later its weight pushed numerous judges to retirement, permitting Roosevelt to swarm the Supreme Court with his supporters, and genuinely concretize his triumph.

Logical Reasoning Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legitimate Reasoning - Math Problem Example Euler circles also called Euler charts are graphical portrayals of coherent proclamations. Each set in this graph is spoken to as a circle or shut bend. Convergences between sets are appeared as somewhat covering circles. Then again, the proportionality of two sets is given by a total cover of the circles. Utilizing this methodology, the relationship of sets turns out to be clear. It is then simple to decide the legitimacy of an end dependent on the chart. For the main proclamation it is obvious from the outline that given the reason, there is no settled connection among B and C. In like manner, the subsequent articulation additionally builds up no connection between the two. Along these lines, the two proclamations are invalid. Conversely, truth tables are printed portrayals of the rationale articulation. In contrast to an unadulterated rationale explanation, reality table presents every conceivable mix of the information set and decides the end from every mix. While not as natural as Euler circles, this methodology gives an increasingly comprehensive perspective on a consistent explanation. The particular truth tables for the above coherent explanations follow: In the main table, when all the premises are fulfilled, there is certainly no chance wherein the end is fulfilled. This announcement is hence invalid. For the subsequent proclamation, most cases fulfill the announcement with the exception of one. Be that as it may, since the end is a ramifications, at that point the nearness of this single case refutes the announcement. End From the given models, obviously the utilization of elective portrayals of sensible explanations help in legitimate thinking. Indeed, both Euler circles and truth tables were steady in nullifying the rationale for the two models. Question 1 Let: Conditions: Arrangement: Change eqn 1: Substitute to eqn 2: End: UniquePhil has 10 $0.37 stamps. Question 2 Arrangement: Using the Venn Diagram Precisely 2 composing instruments: End: 15 rucksacks contain precisely two of the three composing instruments. Question 3 Question 4 Arrangement: End: The vehicle got 54.4 miles per gallon. Question 5 Question 6 Biconditional Question 7 2.8700 Question 8 Question 9 Arrangement: End: cups of flour ought to be utilized. Question 10 Arrangement: During top hours: During off-top hours: End: $1.76 can be spared by making 16-minute cancels during top hours. Question 11 Arrangement: Utilizing the Law of Contraposition: Utilizing De Morgan's Law: End: They are consistently proportionate. Question 12 Arrangement: truth table p q q pq Valid Valid Bogus Bogus Valid Bogus Valid Valid Bogus Valid Bogus Bogus Bogus Bogus Valid Bogus End: There is just 1 T in the last columb. Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Legitimate Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Invalid Question 19 Arrangement: 1 3 7 13 15 19 25 27 31 37 - Diff 2 4 6 2 4 6

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Essay Example What's more, this is showed in the steepness of the bends. As appeared above at current utility U1, shopper A3 has all the earmarks of being progressively forceful and restless contrasted with purchaser A1. That is A3 is devouring 60,000 units currently contrasted with A1 at around 36,000 units with the common loan costs. In the event that everyone moves toward the bolt, which is additional time and utilization later on, at that point a similar situation is reproduced with a negligible difference in current utilization. (Balvers, Cosimano and McDonald, 1109-1128) Loan fee can likewise decide the chances of venture. Speculation has the motivation behind making future riches for usage around then. Along these lines thinking about that one can contribute by either a past sparing or current getting, a sparing is made out of one overall gain less what is devoured. Likewise with the goal for one to have the option to be well off later on, from an obtained capital perspective, they should have paid the assessment on the getting with the accumulated intrigue. There after the estimation of the riches will ALSO be available cost in addition to the chief total that has been taken care of. Consider the graph beneath. (Balvers, Cosimano and McDonald, 1109-1128) At the point when we have lower financing cost reserve funds, we are probably going to gather more riches for future utilization or for additional venture from the good returns. The sunken bend moves outward as appeared previously. Anyway when we have a higher pace of enthusiasm getting there will be a lower pace of riches made for future utilization. The sunken bend moves inwards to one side. The two outlines are presently superimposed as demonstrated as follows. (Balvers, Cosimano and McDonald, 1109-1128) The following point is to build up the ideal point where loan fees decide the utilization and the venture at the same time. The point is to accomplish expanded riches utility (utilizations) with

Saudi Arabia and Its Culture free essay sample

Society in general esteemed conduct showing liberality, benevolence, and friendliness; respect to those above in the chain of importance of the family; opportunity from reliance on others and dominance more than ones feelings; and readiness to help other relatives and accept accountability for their mistakes. Virtuousness and sexual unobtrusiveness were likewise exceptionally esteemed. Applied principally to ladies, these qualities were attached to family respect as well as were held to be a strict commitment too http://saudiarabiarafael. blogspot. com/2008/05/saudi-arabia-values. html Ladies is precluded associate with male local individuals that wear? t have a parental connection, so they have the estimation of purity, sexual unobtrusiveness and specific concession for their family members http://saudiarabiarafael. blogspot. com/2008/05/convictions and-qualities comparable or-different_26. html Family elements: Family essential premise of personality and status for the individual and the prompt focal point of individual reliability, similarly as it was among the individuals who perceived an inborn association Families framed arrangements with different families sharing normal interests and ways of life, Families would in general be male centric Father in the family showing up as a tyrant figure at the highest point of a chain of importance dependent on age and sex Men can have upwards of four spouses, however polygamy is not, at this point generally rehearsed. On the off chance that wealthier men do have more than one spouse, the wives and their youngsters will in general live in discrete units from one another. http://dpuadweb. depauw. edu/$1~mkfinney/educating/Com227/culturalPortfolios/Saudi_Arabia/Family. htm Communication: Relationships Communication You will require a Saudi support (wakeel) to enter the nation. The support goes about as a middle person and orchestrates meetings with proper people. Saudis don't require as much close to home space as most western societies. All things considered, they will stand near you while speaking and you may feel as though your own space has been disregarded. Saudis want to work with individuals they know and trust and will invest a lot of energy in the becoming acquainted with you a player in relationship building. You should show restraint. Since Saudis will in all likelihood judge you on appearances, dress and present yourself well. Meeting Etiquette Men shake hands. Old buddies may welcome each other with a handshake and a kiss on each cheek. Ladies for the most part embrace and kiss dear companions. People would not welcome each other in open I from outside the family. At the point when Saudis welcome each other they take as much time as is needed and chat about general things. Blessing Giving Etiquette Gifts are not the standard as in numerous different nations. In the event that you are welcome to a Saudis house bring something little as a much obliged. Blossoms don't make great blessings from a man, albeit a lady could offer them to her leader. Never give liquor except if you are sure they share. Endowments are not opened when gotten. Eating Etiquette Saudis mingle essentially in eateries and global inns when engaging ostracizes whom they don't know well. After some time you will be welcome to the home. Diversion will by and large be same-sex as it were. In the event that both genders are incorporated, they will be in isolated rooms. In the event that you are welcome to a Saudis house: You would for the most part take off your shoes. Dress minimalistically. Attempt to show up at the welcomed time. Dependability is valued however not urgent. Show regard for the older folks by welcome them first. Acknowledge the proposal of Arabian espresso and dates regardless of whether you don't ordinarily drink espresso. On the off chance that you are welcomed for a supper, comprehend that there will be a lot of mingling and casual discussion before the feast is served. Social graces If the feast is on the floor, sit leg over leg or stoop on one knee.. Eat just with the correct hand as the left is viewed as unclean. Attempt a touch of everything that is served. Dinners are for the most part served family-style. Regarded visitors are regularly offered the most prized pieces, for example, a sheeps head so be readied! There is regularly more food than you can eat. Some portion of Saudi accommodation and liberality is to give visitors plenitude. There is little discussion during suppers so coffee shops may savor the food. http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/assets/worldwide manners/saudi-arabia-nation profile. html Specific subjects that are no-no in Saudi Arabia are conjugal relations, assault, and abusive behavior at home. It is viewed as profoundly no-no to ask a Saudi how their family, explicitly female individuals, is A people foot is viewed as the lowliest piece of ones body, it is exceptionally hostile to point ones toe or foot at somebody, or to utilize ones foot to move an article. In this way, folding your legs or putting feet up on a table, rehearses that are basic in America, would be viewed as hostile in Saudi Arabia Women are required to be saved and traditionalist, with shoulders, legs, and different pieces of the body canvassed In a male-to-male welcome, the two gatherings ordinarily participate in a warm hand shake utilizing their correct hands, and afterward they grasp with a few kisses on the cheeks of the other party Female-to-female welcome are comparative, as they shake hands and kiss each other on the cheeks There is almost no contacting among guys and females (except if they are blood related or hitched), and still, at the end of the day, physical contacting is held to a base In discussion and consistently, eye to eye connection between a male and female can be confused. Subsequently, most ladies will in general evade eye to eye connection with guys. Furthermore, ladies shouldn't take a stand in opposition to the male power figures http://hopeinterculturalcomm. weebly. com/language-restrictions what-not-addressed veracity-humor. html http://www. iorworld. com/saudi-arabia-pages-498. php Illness and wellbeing rehearses: A rich group of conventional medication recently existed in Saudi Arabia Physical afflictions were treated with the utilization of herbs and different plants and furthermore by searing or consuming a particular piece of the body with a hot iron Severe emotional well-being issues were frequently tended to through exceptional readings of the Koran http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/Saudi-Arabia. html A few people wear special necklaces for assurance against the hostile stare or will copy incense to get the stink eye far from the wiped out Prayers and perusing from Al Quran or the Bible assist give with soothing to patients and relatives and upgrade the patients recuperation Nurses are seen as aides, not social insurance experts, and their proposals and counsel are not paid attention to Family individuals should be with the body until it is fit to be expelled from the emergency clinic. Muslims like to cover the body on the day demise happens Most Arabs believe labor to be a female issue as it were. A lady in labor is normally encircled by female family members and companions. Fathers are not admitted to the work room/

Brush Yo Teeth

Brush your teeth included 8-7-97 Original Author Unknown Sung to: â€Å"Row, Row your Boat† Brush, brush, brush your teeth. In any event two times each day. Cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, Fighting tooth rot. Floss, floss,floss your teeth. Each and every day. Tenderly, delicately, gently,gently, Whisking Plaque away. Flush, wash, flush your teeth Every single day. Washing, washing, washing, washing, Fighting tooth rot. * Brush two times every day with an ADA †acknowledged fluoride toothpaste to evacuate plaque-the clingy film on teeth that is the fundamental driver of tooth rot. Floss every day to expel plaque from between your teeth and under the gumline, before it can solidify into tartar. When tartar has shaped, it must be expelled by an expert cleaning. * Eat an even eating regimen that limits dull or sweet nourishments, which produce plaque acids that cause tooth rot. At the point when you do eat these nourishments, attempt to eat them with your feast rather than as a nibble the additional spit created during a supper helps wash food from the mouth. * Use dental items that contain fluoride, including toothpaste. * Make sure that your youngsters' drinking water is fluoridated.If your water gracefully; civil, well or packaged doesn't contain fluoride, your dental specialist or pediatrician may endorse day by day fluoride supplements. * Take your youngster to the dental specialist for normal tests. What Brushing Techniques Can I Show My Child? You might need to manage your kids until they get the hang of these basic advances: * Use a pea-sized spot of an ADA-acknowledged fluoride toothpaste. Take care that your youngster doesn't swallow the toothpaste. * Using a delicate bristled toothbrush, brush within surface of every tooth first, where plaque may gather most.Brush tenderly to and fro. * Clean the external surfaces of every tooth. Edge the brush along the external gumline. Delicately sweep to and fro. * Brush the biting surface of every tooth. Tenderly sweep to and fro. * Use the tip of the brush to clean behind each front tooth, both top and base. * It's constantly enjoyable to brush the tongue! When Should My Child Begin Flossing? Since flossing expels food particles and plaque between teeth that brushing misses, you should floss for your kids starting at age 4. When they arrive at age 8, most children can start flossing for themselves.What are Dental Sealants and How Do I Know whether My Child Needs Them? A dental sealant makes an exceptionally viable obstruction against rot. Sealants are slender plastic coatings applied to the biting surfaces of a youngster's changeless back teeth, where most cavities structure. Applying a sealant isn't agonizing and can be acted in one dental visit. Your dental specialist can reveal to you whether your kid may profit by a dental sealant. What is Fluoride and How Do I Know whether My Child is Getting the Right Amount? Fluoride is probably the most ideal approaches to help fore stall against tooth decay.A normally happening mineral, fluoride joins with the tooth's finish to reinforce it. In numerous city water supplies, the perfect measure of fluoride is included for legitimate tooth improvement. To see if your water contains fluoride, and how much, call your neighborhood water area. On the off chance that your water flexibly doesn't contain any (or enough) fluoride, your youngster's pediatrician or dental specialist may recommend utilizing fluoride drops or a mouthrinse notwithstanding a fluoride toothpaste. How Important is Diet to My Child's Oral Health? A fair eating routine is important for your kid to create solid, rot safe teeth.In expansion to a full scope of nutrients and minerals, a kid's eating regimen ought to incorporate a lot of calcium, phosphorous, and legitimate degrees of fluoride. In the event that fluoride is your kid's most noteworthy insurance against tooth rot, at that point visit nibbling might be the greatest adversary. The sugars and starches found in numerous nourishments and bites like treats, confections, dried organic product, soda pops, pretzels and potato chips consolidate with plaque on teeth to make acids. These acids assault the tooth polish and may prompt cavities. Every â€Å"plaque attack† can last as long as 20 minutes after a supper or bite has been finished.Even a little snack can make plaque acids. So it's ideal to constrain nibbling between dinners. What Should I Do if My Child Chips, Breaks or Knocks Out a Tooth? With any injury to your youngster's mouth, you should contact your dental specialist right away. The dental specialist will need to inspect the influenced territory and decide suitable treatment. In the event that your kid is in torment from a messed up, broke or chipped tooth, you should visit the dental specialist right away. You might need to give an over-the-counter torment reliever to your youngster until his/her appointment.If conceivable, keep any piece of the tooth t hat has severed and take this with you to the dental specialist. On the off chance that a tooth is totally taken out of the mouth by a physical issue, take the tooth to your dental specialist as quickly as time permits. Handle the tooth as meager as conceivable †don't wipe or in any case clean the tooth. Store the tooth in water or milk until you get to a dental specialist. The tooth might be able to be set go into your youngster's mouth, a method called reimplantation. Fine engine and estimating Toothpaste Putty In bowl, blend 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 1 tablespoon white paste, and ? teaspoon toothpaste (not gel).Add ? teaspoon water. Mix until blend is delicate like clay. Clay may start to solidify in a short time; to mellow include a drop of water. Activities will dry hard in 24 hours. The more you pull and stretch this like taffy the better it gets. I likewise keep a little compartment like a fish can on the table with a little water in it. This clay dries quick and in the event that the youngsters simply plunge their fingers occasionally in the water and, at that point handle the clay the couple of drops of water reestablishes the surface. You can make an image formula of this and every kid can follow the formula to make their very own measure of this mixture

The Publics Biggest Fear

The Public’s Biggest Fear My earliest memory of making a presentation consists of saying nothing at all. It was fifth grade science class. Each student had to design and present a new kind of medicine. I have no recollection what my medicine was supposed to do, but I remember that I put it in one of those yellow Johnsons baby shampoo bottles. I spent hours decorating that label, with a pencil and markers and tape and scissors it was a masterpiece. I proudly brought it to school, got up in front of the class, and spent thirty seconds gripping the bottle over my face and staring down at my shoes, mumbling. At least, I think I mumbled, but all my classmates wrote I couldnt hear anything you said on their feedback forms, so I guess its possible that I got up and didnt say anything at all. Elsewhere in the spacetime continuum, approximately nine years and 3760 miles away, a version of myself that the shy little fifth grader wouldnt have recognized walked into the McCormick Observatory in Charlottesville, VA, for their first public night of the summer. I had arrived from Boston a couple of weeks earlier, to do research on pulsars at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. I was startled to see one of the graduate students in my group there he had been asked by the observatory (through the University of Virginia) to give a talk on his pulsar research. The fifth grader clutching the baby shampoo bottle would have loved to listen to the talk. She would have sat near the front, with her parents, excited but absolutely silent. This rising junior at MIT wouldnt be happy until she was giving the talk. I walked up to the grad student after he finished, to find out who I could get in touch with to make this happen. He had no information, though, beyond a first name: Ricky. Ricky. I had to find Ricky if I wanted to give a talk at the next McCormick Observatory Public Night. Too bad that there were over a hundred and fifty people packed both inside and outside the building, milling and talking and sweating in the mid-June Virginia heat wave. At around 10, my friends and I decided to head home. We felt our way outside, in the dark, and had just found space to breathe when I was seized by the sudden urge to sacrifice a chunk of my dignity to gain an opportunity.  I yelled RICKY! as loudly as I could. The crowd went quiet; ears pricked up. I think that the only reasons my friends didnt flee my presence then and there was (1) shock and (2) shock. Oh well. I had already gotten myself into this. I yelled again. IS ANYONE HERE NAMED RICKY? This time, silence, before the faintest …I am. Did that really just happen? I scurried over to the voice, friends in tow, and introduced myself. Yes, he said, he was Ricky, the UVA astronomy professor who helped coordinate the observatorys public outreach program. Yes, he knew of the NRAO Summer Student Program. Yes, I could make a presentation at the next open night. Yes, I could bring along my fellow summer student researchers. I thanked him, and almost skipped to the car, I was so thrilled. My friends were silent, before one of the finally said I cant believe you just did that. According to the Internet, the American publics #1 fear is of public speaking. I couldnt find an official survey to back this statistic up, but it doesnt seem unreasonable, since I think its safe to say that there are few things less appealing than humiliating oneself in front of an audience. The question, then, is how a cripplingly shy fifth grader grows up to boldly ask an astronomy professor for permission to deliver a 20-minute public talk on pulsar research. In my case, there were four major fears to get over and a lot of practice to do. Deep Fear #1: Blanking Out You know the fear Im talking about. You get up on stage, head filled with plans and words and creative jokes you take one look at the audience, and thats it. Blank. Nothing to say. You stare at them and they laugh and you run away and make a home for yourself in a bathroom stall. Dealing with it: You Wont Blank Out, but if youre really worried, bring a notecard. I use the same procedure to prepare for all of my talks / classes. First, do the research. Make a page of notes. Print said pages of notes. Then, take notes on your notes. Take notes on your notes on your notes. Read some more about the subject, for (1) fun, (2) consolidation, (3) additional information in case people ask you questions. If youre using a PowerPoint, make the slides. As you make them, begin talking to yourself, experimenting with sentences and opening lines and how youre going to explain each concept. Reorganize your notes to match your slides. Read some more about your topic, for (1) (2) and (3). Make new notes on your notes. Basically, become totally familiar with your notes, by interacting with them. Then, get up and practice the presentation. Out loud (its really important that you do it out loud)  so that youre forced to put your thoughts into words. Take a break to eat ice cream. Then run through your presentation again. Break. Runthrough. Break. Runthrough. Over and over again, preferably over a couple of days. If youre going to write on a board, practice writing on the board and figuring out where youre going to put everything and whether its all going to fit. Do it at least once or twice, because human stupidity climbs to infinity with proximity to boards. If you practice, you will not blank out. You just wont, because youll get on stage and neuroscience will save you. Your brain in which you have put  all these sentences and all this information will punch your nervousness in the face and take over. I personally believe and some people will disagree that you should never write out every word of your presentation and commit it to memory. This is for a couple of reasons. First, you tend to write differently from how you would speak, and its really obvious when you talk that youre reading something you wrote and memorized. It sounds artificial. Second, if you suddenly forget the exact word you put in there, you panic, because all you know is what you memorized. If you learn the general content without deciding that you have to say it a certain way, there is a lot less to forget. All that said, the idea of blanking out completely makes me so nervous that I bring notecards to every single class that I teach. I stick them in my back pocket, and never use them. It helps me tremendously, though, to know that if worse came to worst, I could take a peek. I dont think that theres anything wrong with that. Deep Fear #2: People wont enjoy my talk. Your talk will be boring, and people will start walking out or snoring or shuffling around or, worst of all, pull out their phones and start texting or Twittering WOW, THIS TALK SUCKS! Dealing with it: Enjoy your talk. Most of the talks I give are on topics in science. Now, like any talk, a science talk could be incredibly boring (I think that this would be a crime, considering how inherently interesting all of science is.) Alternatively, it could inspire a room to learn more about science, or even become scientists. Its the speakers job, in my opinion, to be interesting not the audiences job to be interested. To be polite, they just have to be quiet and keep their phones in their backpacks and look in your general direction. You must know the audience, know what level of information they can or cannot access, find a way to make what youre saying relevant to their lives. Engage them. Ask them questions. FORCE THEM TO ASK YOU QUESTIONS. I try to start every talk by laying out a ground rule: if someone gets lost, they let me know and ask for clarification. No Audience Member Left Behind. Most importantly: BE ENERGETIC! Gesticulate. Its okay to embarrass yourself. If you sound like youre bored, the audience will be bored. After all, youre the expert on this topic if it doesnt excite you, why should it excite them? Deep Fear #3: Ill make a mistake.   Youll say something thats incorrect, and a member of the audience will call you out on it. Youll stumble. Youll blank out for a couple of seconds before recovering. PowerPoint will freeze. Maybe you blank out every sentence, and have to check your notecard over and over again. OH NO! you think. THE WORLD WILL REMEMBER THIS FOREVER! IM FINISHED! Dealing with it: Its not a big deal. Its not that big of a deal. The trauma may stay with you, but I guarantee that other people wont care that much. Yeah, maybe theyll think your presentation wasnt great. Theyll realize you made a mistake. To be honest, theyll probably sympathize, since everyone knows how scary speaking in public can be. But theyll forget about it soon enough. Also, THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE PLANET did not see you mess up, unless youre the president or something, in which case you have lots of other issues to worry about anyway. You can still walk down the street with your head high, even though it feels like surely the entire world knows by now and your reputation is ruined for all eternity and you probably will never be able to get married. Dont be silly. What would be really embarrassing is if you let that experience turn you away from public speaking forever. If you mess up, curl up into a ball on the floor if you need to, but then  get up and do it again. Deep Fear #4: Im still terrified, and itll show.   Ill shiver, my voice will break, my knees will shake, Ill braid and unbraid my hair, Ill bite my fingernails, Ill speak really quickly Dealing with it: Embrace it. Nothing wrong with being nervous. Channel it into being extra excited. Instead of fidgeting, run around the front of the room. Walk into the audience. Gesticulate wildly. To be honest, I still get terrified every single time I have to make a presentation, but at this point Ive learned to turn the I would rather be anywhere but here terror into extra energy. As an added note: youre speaking faster than you think you are. Slow down. I can give you advice, but the truth is that you wont get better until youve given a bunch of presentations. I gave a lot of presentations during High School. In Comparative Cultures class, freshman year, my teacher made each of us give a presentations every couple of weeks. She sat at the very front of the room, taking notes, sometimes smiling and nodding, often frowning, always peppering the speaker with questions to see how carefully he or she had been during the research process. It was without a doubt one of the most frightening things Ive ever had to do, but I had to do it so many times that it felt routine by the end of the year. A year later, I was giving presentations to companies with my Robotics teams sponsorship group. I looked panels of businessmen and board members of my school dead in the eye, and told them why they should give us money. I shelved my shyness because this was something I cared strongly about. By the time I got to college, I loved making presentations, a nd this is without a doubt one of the most useful skills I could possibly have brought to MIT with me. There are a lot of people out there who arent very good at telling people what they do. Theyre shy, and/or theyre out of touch with how to communicate with the layperson, which is a terrible tragedy because they do interesting work and the world would benefit from hearing about it. Also, for entirely practical reasons, it is so important to know how to communicate why what you do is awesome. I learned this on my FIRST Robotics sponsorship team, when I realized that we would not have the money to build a robot unless we could convince non-engineers why they should support an engineering program.   If you think you stink at speaking publicly, put yourself in a situation where you have to. Start small, if you want. But start nonetheless, because then you can start getting better. Then go share your interests and hobbies with others there are audiences out there, including me, waiting to learn from you. On Friday, I gave my talk on pulsars to a room full of strangers and their families. At the end, a man intercepted me in the doorway and said thank you I didnt realize that I would learn so much at this public night. Youre a great speaker. Ive come a long way from I couldnt hear anything you said.

The Publics Biggest Fear

The Public’s Biggest Fear My earliest memory of making a presentation consists of saying nothing at all. It was fifth grade science class. Each student had to design and present a new kind of medicine. I have no recollection what my medicine was supposed to do, but I remember that I put it in one of those yellow Johnsons baby shampoo bottles. I spent hours decorating that label, with a pencil and markers and tape and scissors it was a masterpiece. I proudly brought it to school, got up in front of the class, and spent thirty seconds gripping the bottle over my face and staring down at my shoes, mumbling. At least, I think I mumbled, but all my classmates wrote I couldnt hear anything you said on their feedback forms, so I guess its possible that I got up and didnt say anything at all. Elsewhere in the spacetime continuum, approximately nine years and 3760 miles away, a version of myself that the shy little fifth grader wouldnt have recognized walked into the McCormick Observatory in Charlottesville, VA, for their first public night of the summer. I had arrived from Boston a couple of weeks earlier, to do research on pulsars at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. I was startled to see one of the graduate students in my group there he had been asked by the observatory (through the University of Virginia) to give a talk on his pulsar research. The fifth grader clutching the baby shampoo bottle would have loved to listen to the talk. She would have sat near the front, with her parents, excited but absolutely silent. This rising junior at MIT wouldnt be happy until she was giving the talk. I walked up to the grad student after he finished, to find out who I could get in touch with to make this happen. He had no information, though, beyond a first name: Ricky. Ricky. I had to find Ricky if I wanted to give a talk at the next McCormick Observatory Public Night. Too bad that there were over a hundred and fifty people packed both inside and outside the building, milling and talking and sweating in the mid-June Virginia heat wave. At around 10, my friends and I decided to head home. We felt our way outside, in the dark, and had just found space to breathe when I was seized by the sudden urge to sacrifice a chunk of my dignity to gain an opportunity.  I yelled RICKY! as loudly as I could. The crowd went quiet; ears pricked up. I think that the only reasons my friends didnt flee my presence then and there was (1) shock and (2) shock. Oh well. I had already gotten myself into this. I yelled again. IS ANYONE HERE NAMED RICKY? This time, silence, before the faintest …I am. Did that really just happen? I scurried over to the voice, friends in tow, and introduced myself. Yes, he said, he was Ricky, the UVA astronomy professor who helped coordinate the observatorys public outreach program. Yes, he knew of the NRAO Summer Student Program. Yes, I could make a presentation at the next open night. Yes, I could bring along my fellow summer student researchers. I thanked him, and almost skipped to the car, I was so thrilled. My friends were silent, before one of the finally said I cant believe you just did that. According to the Internet, the American publics #1 fear is of public speaking. I couldnt find an official survey to back this statistic up, but it doesnt seem unreasonable, since I think its safe to say that there are few things less appealing than humiliating oneself in front of an audience. The question, then, is how a cripplingly shy fifth grader grows up to boldly ask an astronomy professor for permission to deliver a 20-minute public talk on pulsar research. In my case, there were four major fears to get over and a lot of practice to do. Deep Fear #1: Blanking Out You know the fear Im talking about. You get up on stage, head filled with plans and words and creative jokes you take one look at the audience, and thats it. Blank. Nothing to say. You stare at them and they laugh and you run away and make a home for yourself in a bathroom stall. Dealing with it: You Wont Blank Out, but if youre really worried, bring a notecard. I use the same procedure to prepare for all of my talks / classes. First, do the research. Make a page of notes. Print said pages of notes. Then, take notes on your notes. Take notes on your notes on your notes. Read some more about the subject, for (1) fun, (2) consolidation, (3) additional information in case people ask you questions. If youre using a PowerPoint, make the slides. As you make them, begin talking to yourself, experimenting with sentences and opening lines and how youre going to explain each concept. Reorganize your notes to match your slides. Read some more about your topic, for (1) (2) and (3). Make new notes on your notes. Basically, become totally familiar with your notes, by interacting with them. Then, get up and practice the presentation. Out loud (its really important that you do it out loud)  so that youre forced to put your thoughts into words. Take a break to eat ice cream. Then run through your presentation again. Break. Runthrough. Break. Runthrough. Over and over again, preferably over a couple of days. If youre going to write on a board, practice writing on the board and figuring out where youre going to put everything and whether its all going to fit. Do it at least once or twice, because human stupidity climbs to infinity with proximity to boards. If you practice, you will not blank out. You just wont, because youll get on stage and neuroscience will save you. Your brain in which you have put  all these sentences and all this information will punch your nervousness in the face and take over. I personally believe and some people will disagree that you should never write out every word of your presentation and commit it to memory. This is for a couple of reasons. First, you tend to write differently from how you would speak, and its really obvious when you talk that youre reading something you wrote and memorized. It sounds artificial. Second, if you suddenly forget the exact word you put in there, you panic, because all you know is what you memorized. If you learn the general content without deciding that you have to say it a certain way, there is a lot less to forget. All that said, the idea of blanking out completely makes me so nervous that I bring notecards to every single class that I teach. I stick them in my back pocket, and never use them. It helps me tremendously, though, to know that if worse came to worst, I could take a peek. I dont think that theres anything wrong with that. Deep Fear #2: People wont enjoy my talk. Your talk will be boring, and people will start walking out or snoring or shuffling around or, worst of all, pull out their phones and start texting or Twittering WOW, THIS TALK SUCKS! Dealing with it: Enjoy your talk. Most of the talks I give are on topics in science. Now, like any talk, a science talk could be incredibly boring (I think that this would be a crime, considering how inherently interesting all of science is.) Alternatively, it could inspire a room to learn more about science, or even become scientists. Its the speakers job, in my opinion, to be interesting not the audiences job to be interested. To be polite, they just have to be quiet and keep their phones in their backpacks and look in your general direction. You must know the audience, know what level of information they can or cannot access, find a way to make what youre saying relevant to their lives. Engage them. Ask them questions. FORCE THEM TO ASK YOU QUESTIONS. I try to start every talk by laying out a ground rule: if someone gets lost, they let me know and ask for clarification. No Audience Member Left Behind. Most importantly: BE ENERGETIC! Gesticulate. Its okay to embarrass yourself. If you sound like youre bored, the audience will be bored. After all, youre the expert on this topic if it doesnt excite you, why should it excite them? Deep Fear #3: Ill make a mistake.   Youll say something thats incorrect, and a member of the audience will call you out on it. Youll stumble. Youll blank out for a couple of seconds before recovering. PowerPoint will freeze. Maybe you blank out every sentence, and have to check your notecard over and over again. OH NO! you think. THE WORLD WILL REMEMBER THIS FOREVER! IM FINISHED! Dealing with it: Its not a big deal. Its not that big of a deal. The trauma may stay with you, but I guarantee that other people wont care that much. Yeah, maybe theyll think your presentation wasnt great. Theyll realize you made a mistake. To be honest, theyll probably sympathize, since everyone knows how scary speaking in public can be. But theyll forget about it soon enough. Also, THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE PLANET did not see you mess up, unless youre the president or something, in which case you have lots of other issues to worry about anyway. You can still walk down the street with your head high, even though it feels like surely the entire world knows by now and your reputation is ruined for all eternity and you probably will never be able to get married. Dont be silly. What would be really embarrassing is if you let that experience turn you away from public speaking forever. If you mess up, curl up into a ball on the floor if you need to, but then  get up and do it again. Deep Fear #4: Im still terrified, and itll show.   Ill shiver, my voice will break, my knees will shake, Ill braid and unbraid my hair, Ill bite my fingernails, Ill speak really quickly Dealing with it: Embrace it. Nothing wrong with being nervous. Channel it into being extra excited. Instead of fidgeting, run around the front of the room. Walk into the audience. Gesticulate wildly. To be honest, I still get terrified every single time I have to make a presentation, but at this point Ive learned to turn the I would rather be anywhere but here terror into extra energy. As an added note: youre speaking faster than you think you are. Slow down. I can give you advice, but the truth is that you wont get better until youve given a bunch of presentations. I gave a lot of presentations during High School. In Comparative Cultures class, freshman year, my teacher made each of us give a presentations every couple of weeks. She sat at the very front of the room, taking notes, sometimes smiling and nodding, often frowning, always peppering the speaker with questions to see how carefully he or she had been during the research process. It was without a doubt one of the most frightening things Ive ever had to do, but I had to do it so many times that it felt routine by the end of the year. A year later, I was giving presentations to companies with my Robotics teams sponsorship group. I looked panels of businessmen and board members of my school dead in the eye, and told them why they should give us money. I shelved my shyness because this was something I cared strongly about. By the time I got to college, I loved making presentations, a nd this is without a doubt one of the most useful skills I could possibly have brought to MIT with me. There are a lot of people out there who arent very good at telling people what they do. Theyre shy, and/or theyre out of touch with how to communicate with the layperson, which is a terrible tragedy because they do interesting work and the world would benefit from hearing about it. Also, for entirely practical reasons, it is so important to know how to communicate why what you do is awesome. I learned this on my FIRST Robotics sponsorship team, when I realized that we would not have the money to build a robot unless we could convince non-engineers why they should support an engineering program.   If you think you stink at speaking publicly, put yourself in a situation where you have to. Start small, if you want. But start nonetheless, because then you can start getting better. Then go share your interests and hobbies with others there are audiences out there, including me, waiting to learn from you. On Friday, I gave my talk on pulsars to a room full of strangers and their families. At the end, a man intercepted me in the doorway and said thank you I didnt realize that I would learn so much at this public night. Youre a great speaker. Ive come a long way from I couldnt hear anything you said.

Tutor Spotlight Meet Ashwin, Cambridge Test Prep Tutor

This week, we're spotlighting Ashwin, one of our exceptional test preparation tutors! Ashwin graduated magna cum laude from New York University in 2011 with a major in Biochemistry and minors in both Mathematics and English. After graduating, he went to one of the poorest and marginalized cities in the East Coast - Camden, NJ - to help failing primary care clinics adjust to the new demands of Obamacare. He then started his MD at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and is currently a dual degree student at Harvard Kennedy School studying health delivery systems. Ashwin has previously worked for two professional tutoring companies totaling over 7 years, specializing in standardized tests (e.g., SAT, ACT, GRE, MCAT) as well as admissions coaching to undergraduate graduate schools. He has instructed close to 150 students one-on-one over his career as a tutor. He specializes in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Critical Thinking, Essay Writing, and general test preparation. Ashwin has also served on the admissions committee at his medical school has worked with many students on crafting successful applications. Let's get started with the basics, Ashwin. Where are you from? We moved a lot! Grew up in Boston, New Jersey, and India. What did you decide to study, and why? For a long time I couldn't decide. Planned on majoring in Physics, Philosophy, Math, Art History, and English along the way. Finally decided on Biochemistry. Then Medicine. Then Political Science and Policy. So... I would say I'm pretty well rounded. What are you up to now? How did you decide to pursue this? I worked on the ambulances of NYC throughout college and fell in love with medicine. But, I also wanted to explore how medicine was delivered and ended up working one of the poorest cities in America - Camden, NJ - helping failing primary care clinics. All of this lead to me pursuing an MD at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and a MPP at Harvard Kennedy School. What do you imagine your life will look like in 5-10 years? Likely I'll be a surgeon! Hopefully I will be able to take care of patients both as a doctor and as a health policy expert. What’s a lesson you’ve learned from teaching? I have come to really admire teachers. The work they do is so much harder than people realize. Given the choice of anyone in the world, living or dead, which 3 people would you invite to your dinner party? What do you imagine you'd talk about? Haruki Murakami, Ayn Rand, and Roald Dahl. I imagine we would talk about cats, capitalism, and chocolate. What are three alternative career/life paths you have considered (even just for fun?) Sheep farmer, journalist, and CEO of Office Max. Share 1 weird fact with us about yourself. I really really dislike it when people talk to each other using mirrors. Like people do in bathrooms or gyms. Who is one person that has deeply shaped the way you think or behave? W. Somerset Maugham. I read his books when I was 18 and living in Paris. That book became my companion everywhere - on the trains, parks, apartments. It changed the way I looked at novels. What would you consider an amazing feat from your field (or any field)? Being able to take a blow and get back up. Are you interested in working with Ashwin on theSAT, ACT, GRE, or MCAT. He's a cambridge standardized test preparation tutor, but is also available online! ; Want to learn more about our incredible team of tutors? Check out some of our pat tutor spotlights below! Tutor Spotlight: Meet Mac, Test Preparation Tutor Tutor Spotlight: Meet Liz, Economics and Finance Tutor Tutor Spotlight: Meet Yilma, Physics Tutor

Borderline Personality Case Study Maria - 1402 Words

Case study: Maria The patient Maria offers a case study in typical borderline personality symptoms. Maria has manifested a marked instability in the relationships in her personal life. Borderline patients often express over-idealization or demonization of the individuals in their lives. Their personalities are often histrionic, and they tend to see both people and events in black and white terms, either as bad or good. It is typical for a BPD (borderline personality disorder) patient to have suffered from sexual abuse or emotional abuse in childhood, which is one reason that it is hypothesized that so many have obsessive real or imagined fears of abandonment. However, in the case of Maria, intense emotions alternated with feelings of depersonalization (which often bring upon cutting episodes, substance abuse, or binge eating) may be evident from birth, even in the absence of sexual abuse. In an effort at self-stabilization, some use physical pain which has been demonstrated to reduce emotional arousal (Dingfelder 2004:46). Abandonment fears are often enacted in the therapeutic relationship, and can make it very difficult to treat borderline patients. For example, a therapist is often confronted with a borderline patient who will threaten suicide if the therapist does not talk to him or her immediately outside of office hours, as the patient repeatedly demands proof of her affections. BPD provides many challenges to practitioners. They frequently seek out help, butShow MoreRelatedConcept Analysis Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesConcept Analysis Assignment Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR 502 Ms. Maria Mendez June 13, 2013 Concept Analysis Assignment Today’s nursing profession encompasses a variety of specialties and disciplines that demonstrate a wide range of phenomena. According to McEwin and Willis, in clinical practice, those phenomenon that are frequently seen aid advanced practice nurses in developing interventions and clinical protocols because they are saidRead MoreEssay on Resilience Concept Analysis4569 Words   |  19 Pagesconsequences; identify a model case and a borderline, related, and contrary cases; and define the empirical referents of the concept. Uses of the concept Resilience has use across disciplines, age groups, and cultures. The original use and research on the concept are found in literature looking at children who experienced adverse life situations and differentiating those that bounced back after the event and those who did not (Werner Smith, 1982). Other definitions stem from studies on human behavior andRead MoreRole of False Confessions7239 Words   |  29 Pagestactics with psychological factors such as, intelligence and personality, which contribute to the likelihood of a suspect providing a false confession.6 While there are currently solutions for avoiding false confessions, they do not adequately address the needs of the most vulnerable individuals who are often induced into falsely confessing because of a combination of interrogator pressure and low intelligence or introvert personality. Therefore, it may be time for interrogators to adopt an approachRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Influences On Our Children Essay2140 Wor ds   |  9 PagesParenting Styles and Their Influences on Our Children The Community College of Philadelphia By: Maria Maldonado November 22nd, 2016â€Æ' The Introduction Thesis- It is my belief that in order to provide a framework of parenting that would allow for the best probable outcome for a child’s development it is important to take a stance in which we provide reasonable demands from our children while providing equal responsiveness to their needs. Majority of us are born with two arms, two legs, a head andRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 PagesPSY4100 Addictions Summer 2012 Final Exam Study Guide NOTE: Your final exam will consist of 100 questions selected from the following, as well as selected questions from in-class tests on Food Addiction and on The Joyful Mind; correct answers to those tests have already been posted to the doc sharing portion of the Ecompanion Website. You can use the answers to check the answers you gave on your chapter study tests. Your final exam is on Wednesday, September 12, 2012; You will have from 8:15AM toRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesculled last year if this had been a private sector Programme! 1. [pic] Anish Mathai Mathew [PMP|MBA] Temenos T24 PROGRAM MANAGER at Union National Bank @Karl: Thanks for your comment and the great example. Guess in that case you d agree that LUCK (no matter how small), does play a role ;) .... [Mathew@PM4K] @ http://www.anishmathaimathew.blogspot.com 2. [pic] Nico Viergever Independent Management Consulting Professional / TrainerRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages..................................................................................... 488 The Scientific Method ........................................................................................................................ 490 Some Case Studies ............................................................................................................................. 491 Review of Major Points .........................................................................................Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesExecution Donald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit Michael Hammer 124 BEST PRACTICE Human Due Diligence David

Problems for Teachers That Hinder Their Effectiveness

Problems that teachers face include handling student needs, lack of parental support, and even criticism from a public that can be largely unaware of their everyday lives. Addressing these problems and bringing awareness to the educational environment that our teachers and students face daily can help improve teacher retention, student success rates, and the overall quality of education in our schools. Balancing a Wide Range of Student Needs No matter what type of school youre talking about, teachers have to deal with a wide range of student needs, but public schools may struggle the most here. While private schools are able to select their students based on an application and assessment of the best fit for the school and community, public schools in the United States are required to take every student. While most educators would never want to change this fact, some teachers are faced with overcrowding or students who distract the rest of the classroom and add a significant challenge. Part of what makes teaching a challenging career is the diversity of the students. All students are unique in having their own background, needs, and learning styles. Teachers have to be prepared to work with all learning styles in every lesson, requiring more prep time and creativity. However, successfully working through this challenge can be an empowering experience for both students and teachers alike. Lack of Parental Support It can be incredibly frustrating for a teacher when parents don’t support their efforts to educate children. Ideally, a partnership exists between school and home, with both working in tandem to provide the best learning experience for students. However, when parents dont follow through with their responsibilities, it can often have a negative impact on the class. Research has proven that children whose parents make education a high priority and stay consistently involved may be more successful academically. Ensuring that students eat well, get enough sleep, study, complete their homework, and are prepared for the school day are just a few of the basic of the things that parents are expected to do for their children. While many of the best teachers go above and beyond to make up for a lack of parental support, a total team effort from the teachers, parents, and students is the ideal approach. Parents are the most powerful and consistent link between children and school since they are there throughout the child’s life while the teachers will change annually. When a child knows that education is essential and important, it makes a difference. Parents can also work to communicate effectively with the teacher and ensure that their child is successfully completing assignments. However, not every family has the ability to provide the necessary supervision and partnership, and some children are left to figure things out on their own. When faced with poverty, a lack a supervision, stressful and unstable home lives, and even parents who arent present, students have to overcome numerous hurdles to even make it school, never mind succeed. These challenges can lead to students failing and/or dropping out of school. Lack of Proper Funding School finance has a significant impact on teachers ability to maximize their effectiveness. When funding is low, class sizes often increase, which impacts instructional curriculum, supplemental curriculum, technology, and various instructional and extracurricular programs. Enrichment programs are cut, supply budgets are limited, and teachers have to get creative. Most teachers understand that this is completely out of their control, but it doesn’t make the situation any less frustrating. In public schools, finances are usually driven by each individual state’s budget and local property taxes, as well as federal funding and other sources, whereas private schools have private funding and often more flexibility in how it is spent. That means public school teachers are often more affected by lack of funding and are limited in how they can spend their money. In lean times, schools are often forced to make cuts that have a negative impact. Most teachers make do with the resources they are given or supplement with their own personal contributions. Overemphasis on Standardized Testing Not every student learns in the same way, and therefore not every student can accurately demonstrate mastery of educational topics and concepts in a similar fashion. As a result, standardized testing can be an ineffective method of assessment. While some teachers are completely against standardized testing, others tell you that they don’t have a problem with the standardized tests themselves but with how the results are interpreted and used. Most teachers say that you can’t get a true indicator of what any particular student is capable of on a single test on any particular day. Standardized tests arent just a pain for students, either; many school systems use the results to determine the effectiveness of the teachers themselves. This overemphasis has caused many teachers to shift their overall approach to teaching to a focus directly on these tests. This not only takes away from creativity and limits the scope of what is taught but can also quickly create teacher burnout and put excess pressure on the teachers to have their students perform well. Standardized testing brings with it other challenges as well. For example, many authorities outside of education only look at the tests bottom line, which hardly ever tell the whole story. Observers need to take much more into account than the overall score. Consider the example of two high school math teachers. One teaches in an affluent suburban school with lots of resources, and one teaches in an inner-city school with minimal resources. The teacher in the suburban school has 95% of her students score proficient, and the teacher in the inner-city school has 55% of his students score proficient. If only comparing overall scores, the teacher in the suburban school would appear to be the more effective teacher. However, a more in-depth look at the data reveals that only 10% of students in the suburban school had significant growth during the year while 70% of the students in the inner-city school had significant growth. So who is the better teacher? You can’t tell simply from standardized test scores, yet a large majority of decision-makers want to use test scores alone to judge both student and teacher performances. Poor Public Perception Weve all heard the old saying Those who can, do. Those who cant, teach. Unfortunately, a stigma is attached to teachers within the United States. In some countries, public school teachers are highly regarded and revered for the service that they provide. Today, teachers continue to be in the public spotlight because of their direct impact on the nation’s youth. Theres the added challenge that the media often focuses on negative stories dealing with teachers, which pulls attention away from their positive impact. The truth is that most teachers are dedicated educators who are in it for the right reasons and doing a solid job. Focusing on a good teacher’s best qualities can help teachers overcome their perceptions and find fulfillment in their profession. Educational Trends When it comes to learning, experts are always looking for the best tools and tactics for educating children. While many of these trends are actually strong and worthy of implementation, adoption of them within schools can be haphazard. Some believe that public education in the United States is broken, which often drives schools to look at ways to reform, sometimes too rapidly. Teachers can be faced with mandated changes in tools, curriculum, and best practices as administrators race to adopt the latest and greatest trends. However, these constant changes can lead to inconsistency and frustration, making teachers lives more difficult. Adequate training isnt always made available, and many teachers are left to fend for themselves to figure out how to implement whatever has been adopted. On the flip side, some schools are resistant to change, and teachers who are educated about learning trends may not receive funding or support to adopt them. This can lead to a lack of job satisfaction and teacher turnover, and it can hold students back from delving into a new way to learn that may actually help them achieve more.

Syllabus Human and Tutorial Assignments - 1366 Words

Syllabus Introduction to Anthropology: Becoming Human (ANT A01 H3Y) Summer 2013 Instructor: Dr. Joyce Parga; Email: j.parga@utoronto.ca Office hours: Tuesdays Thursdays 3-4 pm (or by appointment); Office: MW 382 Lecture meeting times and location: Tuesdays 1-3 pm in SW 319 Tutorials (labs): 5 Tuesdays across the semester during your 1-hr tutorial section in MW 329 Tutorial TA: Dejana Nikitovic; Email: dejana.nikitovic@mail.utoronto.ca; Office: MW 343 (Note: Tutorials begin in Week 3 on Tuesday May 21. See Tutorial Schedule at end of syllabus.) Course Description: This course will provide a basic introduction to Evolutionary Anthropology and Archaeology, aimed at students with no background in either field. Prerequisites: None†¦show more content†¦Normally, students will be required to submit their course essays to Turnitin.com for a review of textual similarity and detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so, students will allow their essays to be included as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to the University s use of the Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com web site. Students unwilling to submit their papers to Turnitin.com must inform Dr. Parga of that fact at least 1 month before the essay deadline. In that case, students will be required to submit copies of their working notes for their paper, and answer questions on their sources. Essay extensions WILL NOT be granted unless you have a valid reason as determined by the instructor (e.g., an illness that is documented with a doctor s certificate). Late submissions will accrue a penalty of 5% per day. There is no maximum penalty (i.e., after 20 days a penalty of 100% will be imposed). Students must submit a hard copy of their essay. If a hard copy is not received, students will receive a grade of 0% on their essay, even if they have submitted an electronic version of their paper through Turnitin. Final exam: There will be a final exam held in t he August ExamShow MoreRelatedMba 520 Syllabus1576 Words   |  7 PagesMBA/520 Transformational Leadership Course Syllabus University of Phoenix MBA520 ________________________________________ Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered to be the ruling document. GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION COURSE NUMBER: MBA/520 COURSE TITLE: Transformational Leadership COURSE START DATE: 1 March 2007 COURSE END DATE: 5 April 2007 COURSE LOCATION:Read MoreBIOS275 Application Paper Assignments A649 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿BIOS275 Pharmacology and Medical Treatment Application Paper Assignments and Grading Rubric Relating course content to the current health care environment is an integral part of your learning. Two (2) application papers are required in this course. These short papers will give you the opportunity to apply course content. They should be approximately 500 words in length each (2 pages). The topics for these two papers are noted below. Refer to at least one outside source in addition to your textRead MoreAdult Learning: Malcolm Knowles Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pageshandwritten handout that could barely be read on how to set up a notebook for the course, how to use the course textbook and how to complete the weekly assignments. During class sessions the instructor never explained the illegible handwritten note even after several students said they could not read it. Next, she read the entire generic syllabus that assumed that we knew the content already. To add insult, the instructor, quizzes and tests were not consistent and lesson sequencing and grading scalesRead MoreEssay On Blended Teaching772 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities were mostly conducted in the classroom, such as group discussions and exercises, oral presentations, role-play, diagram drawing and mind mapping. The online activities were mainly forum discussions and responding to YouTube videos, onlin e tutorials and online quizzes (please refer to pages 7 to 9 and Table S1 for more details). The Big Five used in this research is for late childhood and adolescence. A recent meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on personality change (Roberts, Walton, ViechtbauerRead MoreEssay1805 Words   |  8 Pages | | |HRM - 531 | | |Human Capital Management | | | | |Campus: WEST LOOP LEARNING CENTER Read MoreGen 4804604 Words   |  19 Pagestrademarks or registered trademarks or their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices. Course Syllabus Course Title: GEN 480 Interdisciplinary Capstone Course BSBM.04-08.BSMB0533A Course Schedule: 04/08/08 to 05/12/08 Required Text: Paul, R., Elder, L., (2002), Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal lifeRead MoreSelf-Assessment and Reflection of a Visual Learner1693 Words   |  7 Pagesalmost three weeks’ experience in an online learning environment. These last few weeks flew by, and I feel relief knowing that I made it this far. When I assess my performance, I feel very proud of myself. Quite frankly, I expected worse. I used this assignment to uncover the reasons behind opposite results obtained through two similar modes of instruction supporting visual learners. I also determined if my learning style was a factor in this successful three-week period and if so, in what ways. The Search Read MoreHcs 3202178 Words   |  9 Pages|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |HCS/320 Version 3 | | Read MoreSci 275 Couse Syllabus1980 Words   |  8 PagesI 275Course Design Guide SCI/275 Version 5 1 Syllabus Axia College/College of Natural Sciences SCI/275 Version 5 Environmental Science Copyright  © 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course focuses on the causes of, impacts of, and solutions to environmental issues. Students identify global environmental issues as well as develop and critique environmental action plans. Topics include ecosystems, energy, populations, resourcesRead MoreMpo Assignent Guideline4611 Words   |  19 Pages21129 MANAGING PEOPLE ORGANISATIONS ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES AND MARKING CRITERIA 1 CONTACT DETAILS FOR QUERIES Query Tutorial readings, marking guidelines, feedback, appeals, remarking, assessment extensions (one week from assessment submission date) Tutorial allocations, remarking (only after first consulting with the tutor), appeals (if it is an extension over one week), Special considerations, exam rescheduling and any other unresolved MPO queries Name Your tutor Email

Effects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Essay

Effects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Hector Arreola SSCI 306 MWF 10:40-11:50 AM March 14, 2012 Abstract The â€Å"War on Drugs† policy has been the approach by the United States to protect citizens from the harmful effects of illegal drugs. The article examines the failures of the war on drug policy has had on society, such as, increasing violence, increasing the prison population, increased spending of billions of taxpayer funds, and being racially biased against minorities. The war on drugs policy reflects a deeper political agenda and is diverting attention away from the real issue by†¦show more content†¦Therefore, president after president has adopted the â€Å"war† metaphor and declared drugs as a national security risk that must be fought at an international level to maintain society safe. In Bush’s speech to the nation, he states the citizens must come together behind one plan of action, â€Å"an assault on every front† (cited in Elwood, 1995 p. 106). Consequently, the misuse of rhetoric, war metaphors, and the assault on drugs have ha d a negative impact on society which has failed American citizens. Additionally, the war on drugs is also having an impact on minorities and lower socio-economic citizens by imprisoning African-American and Hispanic citizens at alarming rates. Nationwide, the rate of persons admitted to prison on drug charges for black men is 13 times higher than that for White men (Fellner, 2000). Currently African-American and Hispanic citizens make up the majority of the prison population that is the result of the harsher sentencing of drug related crimes. In 1989, the Bush administration targeted the public housing projects by devoting $50 million to fight crime in the public housing projects. This would help restore order and kick out the dealers for good (cited in Elwood, 1995 p. 104). In 1973, the Rockefeller drug law was enacted which provided extremely harsh sanction and mandatory minimum prison sentences, for example, sentencing someone to fifteen years to life for selling an ounce of heroin (as cited inShow MoreRelatedHow Congress Has Influenced Our Current Ineffective Drug Policy1521 Words   |  7 Pagesnation s general drug history and look critically at how Congress has influenced our current ineffective drug policy. Through this analysis I hope to show that drug prohibition policies in the United States, for the most part, have failed. Additionally, I will highlight and evaluate the influences acting on individual legislators decisions to continue support for these ineffective policies as a more general demonstration of Congress role in the formation of our nation s drug policy strategy. FinallyRead MoreThe War On Drugs Policy1723 Words   |  7 Pageslevel drugs. It was through some divine intervention that he only got probation, but his friends were not as lucky, they were served long jail sentences. The War on drugs policy is something that is well known to all conservative congress members that support its creation. It’s a declaration first made in 1971 by President Richard Nixon to buckle down and to be rid of drugs within our streets. This policy has expanded and grown into the present year with minimum sentencing for carrying drugs to reformRead MorePresident Richard Nixon s The War On Drugs1335 Words   |  6 PagesNixon declared the War on Drugs. He stated, â€Å"America’s public enemy number one in the United States is drug abuse. In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive.† The War on Drugs aimed to fight against a supply and demand epidemic that had America at its knees. Nixon’s policies blatantly reflect society s attitude regarding the trafficking of illegal narcotics. In 1973, Nixon initiated an interdiction effort in Mexico. The United States spent millions ofRead MoreMandatory Sentencing F or Minor Drug Offences957 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1971, the United States has been on a war against drugs. Yet four decades and one trillion dollars later, we are still fighting this war (Branson). All that we have to show for this war is drugs running rampant and tons of citizens incarcerated. Mandatory sentencing for minor drug offences should be overturned due to overflowing prisons, damaging families, and the scare tactic it was created to be has failed. Due to mandatory sentencing for minor drug offences, the American prison systemRead MoreYoung Advocates International Advocate Basic Human Rights in Nigeria1538 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational drug control effort began fifty years ago with the aim of eradicating the abuse of certain drugs by controlling their supply. A complex international system of enforcement grew on this belief in supply control. Five decades on, the empirical data is available and overwhelming; the system has failed. Worse still, it has become increasingly clear that the human rights costs of pursuing many of its policies render them unjustifiable. From mass incarcerations in the United States and Asia,Read MoreWhat Was The Failure Of The Peace Process1033 Words   |  5 Pagesenabled the paramilitaries to gain an upper hand in drugs and arms smuggling. Similarly, government forces were increasing in size and strength, having benefitted from the United States’ newly implemented Plan Colombia. The Colombian government’s strategy shifted, however, as the United States transitioned from the War on Drugs to the War on Terror. Under the War on Drugs, counternarcotics tactics had informed the United States strategy. During the War on Terror, however, U.S. strategy shifted to counterinsurgencyRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels: Problem of the Past or Indication of the Future?1688 Words   |  7 PagesMexican drug war began in the 1960s, with America’s love for illegal drugs fueling the fire. Narco-violence has claimed the lives of thousands of citizens in recent years. Drug cartels have become comparable to Mafia figures, and have resorted to Mafia-style violence to prove to the Mexican government that they remain in control. The violence caused by drug cartels is rumored to lead Mexico to become a failed state. George W. Grayson, regular lecturer at the United States Department of State, has madeRead MoreDrug Wars and Coffee Houses Paper1197 Words   |  5 PagesINTL 4997: The Mexican Drug trade | Reading Response #3 | | | Audrey Robert | 10/31/2012 | | David Mares gives us insight into the political economy of drug trafficking in his book Drug Wars and Coffee Houses. To help us understand how psychoactive substances are organized and distributed, he uses the concept of a commodity chain. A commodity chain is the system that links consumption of psychoactive substances to everything that makes it possible, and proves that if somethingRead MoreDrug Decriminalization In The United States. The Unitedstates1681 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Decriminalization in the United States The United States has been engaged in a â€Å"war† for nearly 25 years. It is a war with unclear goals; ending the war in a victory is made nearly impossible due to subjective statistics and hazy results. At the heart of this continuing struggle, the â€Å"war on drugs,† is the fundamental question: Is this a battle the United States can win? It is likely everyone will agree drugs are harmful; they have serious medical side-effects. Drugs are addictive; they canRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violence

The Biggest Myth About Research Paper Online Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Research Paper Online Exposed Life, Death and Research Paper Online Whether you're on the lookout for some assistance with your research paper, or you need to find a customized paper on an intriguing topic, we can supply you with excellent writing services and assist with all you demand. Well, it doesn't sound so straightforward, but our customized research paper writing services reviews are here in order to help! The increasing number of essay writing services is totally overwhelming. Some writing services offer you an assortment of writing, but they don't supply a writing sample for each form of coming up with. Another factor to think about is whether you really have every one of the notes that you should find the business done. A great research article ought to be balanced and unbiased. Our on-line service provides moderate-price to purchase research papers. The research approach is deductive regarding the review of current papers. You, however, do your own research on the way in which the project was reviewed, and learn whether the research is truly an advancement in the business or only an empty claim. While it is easy to purchase research papers online, it is vital that you realize that you should only be dealing with trusted agencies. The specialists at EssayOneDay will prepare the ideal research paper that's on the present sector! Otherwise, you are likely wondering what you could do in order to acquire your research paper done in time and minimize your probability of failing the class. One of several added benefits of buying research papers is that you receive a load of free time that you may spend however you desire. Probably, you'd like to understand who will is going to compose your research work. With your business, you can be certain your research will become conducted in the stage. Research Paper Online and Research Paper Online - The Perfect Combination Don't be concerned, however, if you're finally prepared to order custom research paper, you're on the perfect site! You may always buy research paper online on the site. So, now you know what you need to be searching for if you wish to purchase custom research paper online. If you're confused whether to purchase college research paper online or not, which means you must want to follow several actions to compose a great research paper, like the next. With us, you can be certain, your paper is going to be customized exactly how you require it. Therefore, you will always get a distinctive paper composed especially for you. Your paper ought to be interesting and simple to read. When you buy a pre-written paper, you aren't likely to find the opportunity to revise your paper. It is vital to purchase research paper online for students who wish to become high grades without a lot of hustle. You're in college, and it's your very first psychology module. If you're in college, you can purchase a research paper for college, if you're in high school, you can get a research paper for high school etc.. Whether you're in college or any other educational level, we can assist you with your research papers. How to Get Started with Research Paper Online? After submitting the form it's possible to sit tight and await your customized research essay! So, even when you require an urgent customized term paper, you're get it ASAP! It is possible to become easily a file copy of a research paper however, you need to remember that a file copy is a research paper that's been already written before and it can't be submitted because it'll be the buyy of plagiarism that is unacceptable in the event of an authentic research paper. The notion is to produce your paper as unique as possible to ensure it is different from different works on exactly the same subject. You will first must locate a proper topic to compose your paper. How you construct your paper will depend on what type of research thesis you've posed. If you are in need of a paper in Accounting, well, you have the idea. Research Paper Online: the Ultimate Convenience! If you wish to acquire high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. One is following the research process to attain exactly the same results by independent experts. There's nothing shameful in opting to purchase custom research paper online. When you order custom research paper online with a certain topic, it's going to be as great. There isn't anything wrong in asking for assistance particularly if your struggle to produce a very good idea for your upcoming paper. The matter, clearly, you begin to look for more suitable techniques to increase research paper and the tips that could help save you a wonderful pile of time. All you have to do is to fill in a distinctive purchase form. It wouldn't be responsible to construct on top of an idea which hasn't been validated.

Helping Process Australia †Free Sample Assignment Solution

Question: Describe the significance of case review, report writing and documentation, and client participation during the helping process. Discuss how a strength-based approach is used in each phase. Describe the ethical considerations that must be addressed during each phase. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Answer: Introduction Helping professionals are committed to help the needy. These professions help the people in solving the issues related to education, substance abuse, mental health, welfare, youth services etc. This is the fundamental process that the professionals support and provide the necessary support to grow and develop the people in positive ways. There are three phases of helping process which illustrates the flow of the process that is individualized to situation or person or both (Parsons Parsons, 2004). This report will discuss the three main phases of helping process. These phases discussed in the report will describe the helping professionals about their role in implementing the process. This report will be concluded by summarizing the overall process. Phases of Helping Process The three phases of helping process include: Assessment, Planning and Implementation (McClam Woodside, 2012) Assessment Phase: In this phase, the diagnostic study about the clients background is conducted. This involves the contact with the candidate and also collecting the detailed information to assess about the client. The candidate here is considered as an applicant and the activities focuses on the determining the eligibility of the services and also assess the suitability for the service. This helps the professionals to identify the issues that the client is facing and also evaluate what services is needed by the client. Planning Phase: It is phase of determining the services needed in future in a planned manner. This phase begins when the applicant meets the eligibility criteria and the agency has accepted the services. During this phase the client and helper emphasizes on creating a service plan and arrange the necessities to deliver the service. The structured plan addresses what services are to be delivered, the arrangement of the services, expected outcome and the evaluation of the success. In this stage the helper realizes that a medical evaluation or a psychological evaluation, educational evaluation etc is needed to help the client. Implementation Phase: This is the phase when the delivery of the service begins which involves offering or overseeing the services and also assessing the service quality. In this stage the helper not only delivers the service but also monitors the services. This phase also involves working closely with the professionals and also employees of the organization cooperatively. The helper who has the capability to work collaboratively with other people in the organization is likely to make referrals that are advantageous to the client. Conclusion In conclusion, the report has discussed the three phases of helping process that empowers the applicant to manage their lives in a positive way. The Assessment, Planning and the implementation phase ensures that the helper collects the relevant information about the client, checks their eligibility, identify their problem, them make a structured plan to solve the issues and then implement the plan for positive outcome. References McClam, T., Woodside, M. (2012). The helping process (pp. 1-10). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Parsons, R., Parsons, R. (2004). Fundamentals of the helping process. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press

Mcdonalds Business Strategy free essay sample

, Inc. 11410 N. E. 124th Street #223 Kirkland, Washington 98034 USA O: 425-822-3106 C: 206-257-9839 [emailprotected] com Table of Contents Page 3 Page 5 Page 6 Page 9 Page 11 Page 12 Page 16 Page 18 Page 21 Executive Summary Our Business Plan The Market Defined World View Pilot Program (Ethiopia) Projected Market Share Market Strategy Promotion Competition The Bottled Water Industry Product Development Four Keys Norit Ultra-Filtration System (Perfector – E) Solar Powered Modules Prototype configuration and assembly The Patented 20-liter Tamper-proof Bottle Organizational Development USAgua Partnership Program US Home Office East Africa Central Assembly Distribution (Operators to Owners) Mile Stones Financial Statements Sales Projections Personnel Budgets Cash Flow Projections Income Statements Projected Expense Statements Projected 2 Executive Summary W e are now in a position to profitably enter into the lucrative and expanding worldwide market for pure, clean, safe drinking water. We have developed and will introduce to the world, the concept of small community commercial water purification systems. We call our systems ‘USAguaâ„ ¢ Pure Water Kiosks’. Each of our Kiosks is capable of taking in 8,000 liters of dangerously polluted raw water every day and, through the technologically phenomenal process of ultra-filtration, they process that unhealthy water into safe, clean, purified drinking water. Our systems are containerized, modular, solar powered and ultra-filtered they function completely ‘off-the-grid’. Our markets are the vibrant, sophisticated, newly emerging middle-classes of the developing world. These middle-class niches represent over one billion people and their numbers are growing daily. These people realize the importance of safe drinking water for themselves and their families but, at the same time, they know that their governments are incapable of providing this most basic need. What is important to our program is that these middle class families are financially capable of paying for our water. The proof is the fact that they now consume literally tens of millions of gallons of bottled water every year. Our competition is the bottled water industry and, very soon, we will have a substantial piece of that market. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosks are a melding of two wonderful technologies just now coming into their own. The first is called ‘ultra-filtration’. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a ‘Log 2-4’ EPA rating. This means that the water we sell is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves our system. And, because the filters require only ‘back-flushing’ instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized. The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we don’t depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearly-maintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. Our ultra filtration systems and our solar power systems have been rigorously field tested by their manufacturers. Our own design engineers have melded the two technologies together, combined them with our storage tanks and lab gear and integrated them seamlessly into our retail USAgua Kiosks. After a final prototype development program, our manufacturer s will ship their modules to our USAgua Central Assembly Plants in our target markets. We will use local technicians to retrofit universally available freight containers and perform final installation and assembly. Once our Kiosks are complete, they will be delivered to our ‘Operators’ in the field. Our Management Team will locate, recruit and train local ‘Operators’ in our various ‘Target Markets’. In time, our Operators will be given the opportunity to own their own USAgua Kiosk, thus allowing us to tap the entrepreneurial energy and spirit that can be found within individuals in every corner of the world. Our USAgua Operator program will ensure our market position and stability through world-wide name branding, equipment standardization, standardized maintenance routines and universally accepted accounting procedures. With the help of some very smart engineers we have developed the concept of our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks. At the same time, we have put together a business model that takes the best of the American business concepts we are so proud of and we, very carefully, introduce them into the potentially lucrative new middle-class markets of the developing world. Our ‘financial package’ is strong. Our assumptions and our projections are conservative, our research is up to date and our key players are heavy on both education and real world experience. We are ready to take the next giant step forward. To that end, we are asking to secure a US $2,200,000 Investment package so that we can bring our USAgua International Program to fruition. Please, feel free to call me anytime for more information or clarifications. Sincerely, Timothy McDonald 4 Our Business Plan The World Wide Market Defined: Of the 6 billion people in the world today, over 3 billion1 live either totally ‘off-the-grid’ or in communities not serviced by safe, dependable water systems. Families within this demographic, no matter their economic level, are left vulnerable to water borne diseases including viruses, parasites and bacteria. The negative social and economic repercussions of not having access to safe, clean drinking water are immense. Some United Nations reports have gone so far as to predict that safe drinking water will be as economically significant as oil within the next decade2. We intend to be a big player in solving the drinking water problem. We have designed both our USAgua Water Purification System and our Business Model to be universally adaptable. Our equipment and our business model will function beautifully in the suburbs of Nairobi, along the Yangtze River in China and in the mountains of northern India. Anywhere there is both a source of water (no matter how polluted) and an open view of the sun, our USAgua water purification systems will work. Anywhere there are energetic and entrepreneurial individuals who aspire to a better life for their families, our USAgua Operator network will prosper. At the ‘Macro’ scale, our market is unlimited. Good business practices, however, dictate that we start small and grow carefully. We will introduce our program to a small, representative market we are familiar with. One that can be easily documented and controlled. In our ‘Pilot Market’ we will learn a great deal from both our successes and our mistakes. Once we have field proven both our equipment and our business model, we will enter additional markets with much greater knowledge and enthusiasm. _________________________________ It is very important to understand that we are in competition with the ‘Bottled Water Industry’ in all aspects of our program. The statistics and the markets for bottled water, world wide, are the statistics and markets relevant to USAguaâ„ ¢. _______________________________________ 1 2 United Nations Development Program Report – August 2008 United Nations Development Program Report – August 2008 5 Our Ethiopian Pilot Program and Our Share of the Market For several reasons, including a thirty year professional involvement in East Africa, we have chosen the country of Ethiopia to establish our ‘Pilot Program’. The Ethiopian Market Defined: Population (millions) 2007 Population growth (annual %) Life expectancy at birth (years) Literacy rate GNI (US $ billions) GNI per capita (US $ ) 78. 6 2. 6 55. 0 38. 5 19. 4 220. 0 The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) acquired these statistics: Health of population using improved drinking-water sources, 2006, total 42 (cut and paste from the UNICEF 2008 Report) These UNICEF statistics show us that there is a large segment of the Ethiopian population that understands the need for safe water. The definition of ‘improved drinking-water sources’, however, does not address the quality of the water. It only documents the fact that the water has been drawn from a centralized source and is conveyed to the end user via an established distribution network; either municipal water systems, tanker trucks or bottled water. The water may or may not be processed. It may or may not be safe. The quality of both the tap water and the bottled water in Ethiopia is suspect due to poor infrastructure maintenance and a lack of Health Department regulation enforcement. 3 3 UNICEF Annual Report 2006 6 The Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA) estimates that currently 4. 18% of the households, nationwide, have access to community water systems and taps within their homes. Ethiopia Total 2004 2. 2 2006 2. 7 2008 3. 3 Current 4. 18 (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) This means the vast majority of people considered to have access to ‘improved drinking water sources’ are using tanker truck delivery (very dangerous) or bottled water. (78. 6 million X 42%) – 4. 18% ) = 31. 4 million people drink non-tap water. ) The CSA also publishes a quarterly retail price listing for nearly every commodity found in Ethiopia. In 2008 the average cost per liter of bottled water was 6 birr. (Ethiopian currency) BEVERAGES NON ALCOHOLIC Ambo Mineral Water 500cc 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 3. 17 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 3. 00 2. 96 2. 50 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 2. 5 Bure Mineral Water 500cc (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) ! (Or †¦ US $0. 48/liter at the current exchange rate) The CSA has not been able to estimate a total volume of bottled drinking water produced or consumed. We have been told many reasons for this lack of statistical documentation. The most plausible is the lack of government oversight and a huge black market for recycling l ocal water in used plastic bottles. This is a very dangerous practice and one the central government has taken action to stop. 4 A few assumptions: W e are going to assume, in the interest of simplifying our Business Plan, that within and near the cities of Addis Ababa, Mekele, Bahra Dar, Nazerit and Awassa ( a total population of over 27 million ) there is a need for 27,000,000 liters of pure, safe drinking water every day. (27,000,000 X 365 days = nearly 10 Billion liters per year) (One liter of safe drinking water per day is the World Health Organization’s minimum requirement. ) 4 Ethiopian Health Ministry 2008 7 Our Pilot Program Cities: 10% Purchase Vicinity of Population Addis Ababa 15,375,000 15% Purchase 20% Purchase 5% Purchase Bottled Water at US $0. 50/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 40/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 30/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 20/liter 1,537,500 2,306,250 3,075,000 3,843,750 Nazerit 3,580,000 358,000 537,000 716,000 895,000 Bahri Dar 1,790,000 179,000 266,850 355,800 447,500 Awasa 1,430,000 143,000 214,500 286,000 357,500 Mekele 4,825,000 482,500 723,750 965,000 1,206,250 27,000,000 2,700,0 00 4,050,000 5,400,000 6,750,000 $1,350,000 $1,620,000 $1,620,000 $1,350,000 $492,750 ,000 $591,300,000 $591,300,000 $492,750,000 Population Market Value Market Value Per Day Per Year Our Pilot Program Market Our Pilot Program Market focuses on five major cities in Ethiopia. We can take a very conservative but educated guess that 15% of the 27 million population is capable of purchasing 1 liter of drinking water every day for US 0. 40/liter. (about a billion and a half liters per year demand) 1,248,000 liters (62,400 20-Liter USAgua Bottles) is the annual sales figure we have projected for each of our USAgua Kiosks. Or less than one tenth of one percent (. 001%) of our Pilot Program Middle-class Market Demand. Our Kiosks are actually capable of physically producing ,920,000 liters of safe, clean drinking water annually, but for budgeting and logistical reasons as well as a conservative margin of safety, we are building our Business Model on a 1,248,000 liters/year basis or a 4,000 liters per day sales capacity, six days per week. ! The total cost to our USAgua Kiosk Program to produce, bottle and sell safe, clean drinking water is less than $0. 10 per liter The un iversal laws of supply and demand would tell us that we could completely dominate the ‘Bottled Drinking Water Industry’ in our Pilot Program Market. By assuring two things Highest Quality, Lowest Price we should expect to capture a substantial share of this huge market while at the same time realizing a very profitable return on investment very quickly. It is not difficult to imagine 40 USAgua Kiosks working profitably within Ethiopia within two years of start-up. 8 Market Strategy The Market for pure, clean, safe drinking water already exists. It is large, growing and lucrative. Our dominant piece of that worldwide market is what we will develop. Branding†¦ W e own the internet web domain and the trade marked name, USAguaâ„ ¢. We are now in the process of building a comprehensive website that will address everything from the biology of parasites, bacteria and viruses to the science of removing those contaminants from our drinking water. It will show how important safe drinking water is to individuals, societies and economies. It will differentiate our USAgua Water Purification Kiosks from our competition, the bottled water industry. Our website will play very well in East Africa. Since the election of President Obama, a new, very pro-American, attitude has emerged. America and all things American are now very popular. Our USAgua Kiosks provide safe drinking water at standards equal to or better than our American EPA standards for domestic drinking water. In East Africa, they trust our standards and want that same high quality for their families. Our Kiosks are painted in American national colors. The USA in USAgua is meant to emphasize our American roots and our American standards. When a USAgua Kiosk is delivered to an African community our customers will feel that part of America has arrived. Our USAgua 20-liter plastic bottles are designed to be used and re-used and re-used by the family to which they are assigned. The boldly branded bottles can not be refilled by anyone other than our Kiosk operator. Our branded one-liter personal bottles will be carried with pride on the streets of our communities. The name, USAgua, will be synonymous with American high quality and good health. Lower retail pricing†¦ W e know there is a large and growing demand for safe, pure drinking water. On the macro scale this is evidenced by the rise of the bottled water industry in every city and village in the world. In Ethiopia, our Pilot Program Market, we know the retail price of a liter of bottled water is US$0. 48. The laws of supply and demand dictate that as the price is lowered, the demand rises. The cost of our water, including all business related expectations, is less than US $0. 10 per liter. We will price our product to maximize both the quantity sold and the profit generated. 9 Flyers and Brochures Distributed Locally †¦. And a billboard or two Because each of our USAgua Kiosks are designed to satisfy the drinking water demand of only 400 families per day, (we are saying 10 liters per family per day) the geographic market area for each of our Kiosks is small, (by design) less than one square kilometer. Prior to our Kiosks arriving at their final destinations, a local flyer and brochure campaign will saturate the area to introduce our program. Community meetings will be held to educate members of our market and sell our products. A large colorful bill-board will be erected so that people will begin identifying our branding. 10 Competition: The Competition for our Pilot Program Market (and every other market in the developing world, for that matter) consists of a handful of legitimate Centralized Water Bottling and Distribution Companies as well as black-market water bottle recycling scams. The government is now in the process of both adopting new quality standards for all bottled water plus they are developing the means to enforce those standards. Because none of the major international bottled water producers (Danone, Nestle, and Coca-Cola) have entered the African markets, statistical documentation is lacking for total production and demand. We do know a few things, however. First is that the existing legitimate bottled water industry depends on centralized plants that are, by definition, saddled with the tremendous costs associated with transporting heir product to market. Plus, they must purchase plastic bottles that will be used only once, but then become potential competition as those same bottles are refilled on the black-market and resold. We also know that the end user of bottled water is becoming much more sophisticated. They know full well the problem with boot-legged water and in most cases have gone back to boiling local water (at a tremendous expense in f uel) rather than purchase suspect bottled water. The Bottled Water Industry is not the answer for the Developing World. 11 Product Development †¦.. some history For generations, scientists around the world have known that viruses, parasites and bacteria are present in much of the water we drink. They have also known that these tiniest of creatures are the source of the water borne diseases that have plagued humanity since Lucy stood up on her two legs and peered over the tall grasses of the African Savannah. Personal Note: McDonald was stationed in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia in 1973-75 only 20 miles from where Lucy – Australopithecus afarensisr was discovered. On several occasions his Agricultural School and Farm hosted Lucy’s rcheologists. They appreciated the water system he had developed that pulled water from the muddy Awash River and provided them safe, pure drinking water. In the developed world, from our largest cities to our smallest villages, our technology has solved the problem of purifying our waters. In America, we long ago realized the importance of safe water to the overall health and well being of our society . It was so important to previous generations that they mandated our government to set and enforce the highest water standards in the world. Our municipal and community water systems now process and distribute a dependable flow of amazingly inexpensive water to the homes of every citizen. The success of America is due, in no small part, to the overall health of our people. And, the overall health of our people is, in no small part, due to our wonderful communal water systems. On the macro scale, the per gallon cost of water in America is very small; a penny or two a gallon at the most. The reality is, however, that a water purification plant and a distribution network are tremendously expensive to develop and operate; tens of millions of dollars. And, the technical sophistication necessary to maintain these systems is overwhelming to any but the most advanced economies. For so many reasons (economic, political, cultural, technical) there is little hope that the vast majority of people in the second and third worlds will ever be able to build and maintain the water systems necessary to provide safe water for their people. Even now, as a burgeoning middle class emerges, the central governments are powerless to act. The problem is just too large and the costs too high. 12 Product Development †¦. the Stars Line Up The USAguaâ„ ¢ Pure Water Kiosk Program is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Four Components. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosk Program brings together four independent but equally important physical components. Namely: Ultra-Filtration, Solar Power, Retro-fitted Freight Containers and Keyed, Tamper-proof 20-liter Bottles. 1. Ultra-Filtration†¦ This is a water filtration method developed and patented by Norit X-Flow, a member of the global Norit Companies. Norit is headquartered in the Netherlands with sales offices throughout the world including one just outside of Chicago. Ultra-filtration is easy to visualize. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a ‘Log 2-4’ EPA rating. This means that the water they process is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves their system. And, because the filters require only ‘back-flushing’ instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized. Norit’s filters can be used for months and then ‘back-flushed’ to remove all contaminants. The actual filters will last for years. Ultra-filtration is truly a marvelous breakthrough. One of the first applications that Norit X-Flow developed for its Ultra-filter technology was a very clever machine they call the Perfector-E Mobile Water Purification System. It was originally designed for emergency responders to be used in the aftermath of devastating natural disasters; earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. The systems are small, strong and highly mobile. They can be transported and set up in any disaster area within hours. They are totally self contained and can draw and purify water from almost any source including exposed surface waters, local lakes, rivers, ponds and irrigation systems. The Perfector-E System can provide literally thousands of gallons of pure, safe drinking water per day to a disaster area under the most extreme conditions. And, there is another very positive aspect to Norit’s system. It is not a big energy user. With some adaptations, we can actually run the systems exclusively on solar power. 13 2. The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. Our solar energy system was designed by H-Dot Logic, a solar engineering company here in Seattle. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we don’t depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearlymaintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. . Our Kiosks – Our Containers. We have chosen to utilize universally available, standard steal 20 foot cargo containers as the physical basis of our Kiosk system. Containers are strong and secure. They are easily transported on any flatbed truck in the world, and once they are delivered to our overseas locations, they will serve as the actual retail Kiosk facility. Our in-house engineers ha ve designed the retro-fit of the containers to comfortably house all the various components in and around the retail shell. The solar panels, the gravel pre-filters, the external raw water storage tank, the internal finished water storage tank with the UV sterilizer, the Ultra-filter modules, the pumps, the battery packs, all the electronics and a water testing system are all neatly configured inside the container. In addition to designing the retrofit, our Kiosk’s will have a copy written exterior color and graphic scheme. The graphic scheme, once painted on our containers will provide a great advertising platform for our USAgua Brand. A prototype unit still needs to be assembled. USAgua Kiosk # 0001, the prototype, will be assembled in Seattle, Washington. A careful documentation video of the specifications and assembly methods will be produced. This process will take about four months to accomplish. Once the first Kiosk is ready it will be shipped from the Port of Seattle to Ethiopia. Once in Ethiopia, USAgua #0001 will be delivered to our Central Assembly Fabrication facility. Our local Management will use it to train a team of assembly mechanics. We will then begin purchasing containers on the local market and preparing them for the arrival of our Filter and Solar modules. Within a four month period, we will be assembling and delivering two complete USAgua units per month. 4. The Keyed-Tamper Proof Bottle Program: One of the reasons the bottled water industry is not a good fit for the developing world is because the plastic bottles are disposable. Each new bottle, when discarded becomes a potential competitor as people refill the bottle and sell it on the black market. Our USAgua bottles are specially designed to discourage re-use by anyone but the family to which it was assigned. The bottles will have a tamper proof valve and seal that can only be refilled at USAgua Kiosks. This makes the bottles un-usable outside our network and assures our customers that the water inside our stamped and sealed bottles has not been counterfeited on the black market. Our prominent USAgua Logo on each bottle will help promote our brand where ever it is found. 14 Organizational Development Thirty years of experience working in developing countries has taught us many things. One of the most important is that without a very involved and powerful Management presence ‘on the ground’, no program can succeed. For the success of any project in the developing world, including ours, it is vitally important that we back-up our 21st century technology with an equally robust Management and Operations Program based on century’s old tried and true Business Practices. We call our In-Country USAgua International Management and Operations Program ‘Our Partnership Program’. It is based on five powerful strategies: 1. Recruiting the best and the brightest. Every developing country in the world has vibrant, honest, well educated, hardworking, entrepreneurs looking for an opportunity to improve themselves, their families and their communities. Our Country Director will identify and recruit these individuals. We will offer them a good basic family wage with the added incentive of merit-based pay raises. 2. In-Country Training for our Operators Our USAgua in-country Management Staff will train every recruit in Kiosk system functions, maintenance procedures, program hygiene, local marketing and program bookkeeping. Trainees will work with seasoned Operators during a six month apprenticeship program. If they prove themselves capable, they will be offered a position as an Operator or Operator’s Helper for one of our USAgua Kiosks. . In-Country Operations Management. We will have one Project Manager for every 10 USAgua Kiosk Operators. These Project Managers will visit each Kiosk Operator every month to make sure that the extremely high USAgua standards are being met and maintained. The PM’s are also in charge of auditing and banking functions. There will be zero tolerance for bookkeeping errors. In addition to our Project Managers, we have a Maintenance Repair team that routinely visits each Kiosk making sure that no small maintenance problem becomes a big repair problem due to lack of Operator vigilance. 4. Advertising and Marketing Support Each Kiosk comes with an introductory advertising budget for local marketing. We will saturate any new locale with USAgua literature. In addition, our Staff will visit each Kiosk to conduct community seminars in water quality and family hygiene. 15 5. Operators to Owners Program After two years as a USAgua Operator we will offer some of our most gifted and hardworking employees the opportunity to purchase their own USAgua Kiosk. We are wholly convinced that there exists a universally powerful business strategy that assures the success of a program such as ours. This is called ‘pride in ownership’ and we intend to tap that strategy to its fullest. Our US Office The home office of McDonald Management is in Seattle, Washington as will be the home offices of USAgua International, Inc. At the top of our organizational chart is the President and CEO, Timothy McDonald. Mr. McDonald has a BS in International Economics (minor in Civil Engineering) with Masters work in International Economics all from the University of Washington. He has been in and out of East Africa for over thirty years with our State Department as both an employee and an independent contractor. He will oversee day to day operations both in the US and overseas. Norit X-Flow International will provide the Ultra-filtration modules. H-Dot Logic will provide the solar package design and modules. R. L. Clark and Associates of Redmond, Washington will be in charge of Investor Relations, financial program development and implementation. Bahiru G. Egziabiher will be the Country Director in Ethiopia for our Pilot Market Program. He holds a Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and has worked for Seattle City Light for over twenty years. Bahiru holds duel US and Ethiopian citizenship. Dalrymple and Associates will be in charge of our Kiosk design and equipment coordination. In addition his company has designed our logo, the graphic presentation of our USAgua name and our color schemes and themes. RedRover Marketing will be in charge of our website design, maintenance and hosting. Our Office in Ethiopia W e will lease a centralized office/warehouse facility in Addis Ababa where we will identify, recruit and train a team of assemblers and fabricators to retrofit our containers, install our filtration systems, our solar modules and our storage tanks. Our paint shop will brand each Kiosk with our name, our logo and our color scheme. 16 Bahiru Egziabiher, our Country Director, will be in charge of our Ethiopia operations including the central warehouse and assembly facility. He will oversee the assembly of two complete USAgua Kiosks per month once we get underway. McDonald and Exziabiher and, eventually, a small team of Project Managers, will identify, recruit and train a Network of USAgua Operators. These Project Managers will be responsible for assuring the high standards of training, maintenance, product quality and accounting standards for each of their Network Operators. Within two years there will be 40 Kiosks producing pure water in Ethiopia. There will be one Project Manager for every ten Kiosks. Our Operator Network is the key to our program. Once our USAgua Operators are identified and recruited, they will go through a thorough training program. They will serve a two year apprenticeship and then, if they have proven themselves capable of maintaining our extremely high standards, they will be given the opportunity to own their own Kiosk. In this way we will tap the entrepreneurial spirit of those who will make our entire program a success. How Hard is it to Enter the Ethiopian Market? The World Bank ranks countries world wide by their ‘Ease of Doing Business’. Of the 183 countries rated, Ethiopia ranks #107. In comparison, Egypt is #106 and Kenya is #95. Since 1993 when the people of Ethiopia removed their previous communist government and replaced it with one decisively more moderate and business friendly, the new leadership has striven to open its economy to a more capitalistic model. In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has been gradually re-writing its constitution in an attempt to open new markets and stabilize its business community. These efforts have paid off. In 2008-9 the World Bank ranked Ethiopia at #122 for ‘ease of starting a business’. This year they are ranked # 93. And, they are getting better every year. The following statistics are all from the World Bank. Ease of doing Business 107 Starting a Business 93 Dealing with Construction Permits 60 Employing Workers 98 Registering Property 110 Getting Credit 127 Protecting Investors 119 Paying Taxes 43 Trading Across Borders 159 Enforcing Contracts 57 Closing a Business 77 Summary of Indicators Ethiopia Starting a Business Procedures (number) 5 Time (days) 9 Cost (% of income per capita) 18. 9 Min. capital (% of income per capita) 492. 4 17 Dealing with Construction Permits Procedures (number) 12 Time (days) 128 Cost (% of income per capita) 561. 3 Employing Workers Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Difficulty of redundancy index (0-10) 30 Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 28 Redundancy costs (weeks of salary) 40 Registering Property Procedures (number) 10 Time (days) 41 Cost (% of property value) 2. 2 Getting Credit Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 4 Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0. 1 Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0. 0 Protecting Investors Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4. 3 Paying Taxes Payments (number per year) 19 Time (hours per year) 198 Profit tax (%) 26. 8 Labor tax and contributions (%) 0. 0 Other taxes (%) 4. 3 Total tax rate (% profit) 31. 1 Trading Across Borders Documents to export (number) 8 Time to export (days) 49 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1940 Documents to import (number) 8 Time to import (days) 45 Cost to import (US$ per container) 2993 Enforcing Contracts Procedures (number) 37 Time (days) 620 Cost (% of claim) 15. 2 Taking into account the above information provided by the World Bank, it will take McDonald Management about 90 days to secure all the necessary permits, licenses, patent protection registrations and lease agreements in Ethiopia. This will all be done prior to our first Kiosk leaving the US. 8 Mile Stones First Three Months Investors have been identified and secured†¦ A US $2,200,000 credit line is opened †¦ Dalrymple Associates secures a short term warehouse lease where the prototype Kiosk will be assembled and the process documented. Norit X-Flow, H-Dot Logic and USAgua finalize specifications for the prototype filter/solar modules The USAgua Prototype is completed and Unit #0001 is prepared for shipment to Africa In Month One, McD onald and Exziabiher leave for East Africa to secure business licenses and leases. While in Africa McDonald and Exziabiher identify and recruit a team of mechanics and fabricators as well as a Project Manager. They identify the first five individuals for the USAgua Operators Network. Months 4 and 5 USAgua Kiosk number 0001 is shipped from Seattle to Addis Ababa USAgua Seattle begins producing and shipping filter/power modules to Ethiopia at the rate of 2 units per month. Containers are purchased and retrofitted in our Addis Ababa facility at the rate of 2 units per month. Assembly begins and the first delivery of a unit is accomplished. Months 6 -12 All elements of our program are coordinated and we are assembling and placing USAgua Kiosks in client communities at the steady rate of 2 units per month. Project Managers and Operators are continuing the training, quality control and apprenticeship programs. Month 13 W e achieve income/expense financial Break Even Month 24 The first 40 USAgua Kiosks are in place and working. The first USAgua Operator recruits are offered ownership of their Kiosks. 19 Business Plan Summary W e are confident that a vibrant and lucrative market for safe, clean drinking water exists in every country of the world. We are also confident that we have the right Technology and Business Model to enter and eventually dominate those markets. To prove this, we are going to introduce 40 of our USAgua Kiosks into the Ethiopian market. There we will show that our technology is exactly right; that each of our Kiosks can be operated and maintained profitably for years. And, that our Business Model is sound and worthy of the trust our investors have shown. We have developed a set of financial projections. These itemize the key elements of our program and put a dollar figure on their implementation. They show that an initial two year investment of US $2,200,000 will produce an operating income/expense breakeven within a year and actual profit by the end of the 40 Unit 2 Year Pilot Program. Anyone interested in viewing our Financial Report, please, call Timothy McDonald. He will be more than happy to send along our spreadsheets. Many Thanks, Timothy McDonald 206-257-9839 20